Table 4. Variables found to be associated with C. burnetii seropositivity in livestock using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model.

Variable	Category	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	SE	Z	P-value
Fixed effects
Sex	Male	1.00 (Ref.)
	Female	1.65 (1.13–2.42)	0.19	2.60	0.01
Age	Calf/kid/lamb	1.00 (Ref.)
	Weaner	1.22 (0.34–4.40)	0.66	0.30	0.761
	Adult	4.88 (1.46–16.29)	0.62	2.57	0.01
Species	Cattle	1.00 (Ref.)
	Goats	3.99 (2.10–7.61)	0.33	4.21	< 0.01
	Sheep	4.02 (2.06–7.82)	0.34	4.09	< 0.01

Ref., reference category; CI, confidence intervals; SE, standard error.

Log likelihood = -908.50, number of observations = 2665, number of households = 152

The variance for the random effect variable (household ID) was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.87–1.45), SE = 0.68