Stemple 1994.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	35 female adult graduate students in the USA
Interventions	1) Direct voice training: sustaining musical notes and gliding from lowest to highest note and from highest to lowest in participant's frequency range 2) Placebo training: reading a short passage at comfortable pitch and chanting a series of sentences 3) No intervention
Outcomes	1) No subjective outcomes 2) Fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, frequency range, phonation volume, flow rate, maximum phonation time, videolaryngostroboscopy
Notes	—