Table 2. Therapeutic windows of G protein-biased κOR agonists in antinociception versus various adverse effects.

Green indicates that the minimum dose producing an adverse effect is higher than the antinociceptive dose or the antinociceptive ED₅₀. Red indicates that the adverse effect occurs at or below the antinociceptive dose/ED₅₀. Yellow indicates that the doses tested were below the antinociceptive dose/ED₅₀ and the results are therefore ambiguous. A “u” means this adverse effect is untested for this agonist. Design credit: [47].

	Aversion	Sedation	Pro-anxiety/ depression
Nalfurafine
Sal A
RB-64
EOM Sal B
Mesyl Sal B
16-Bromo Sal A	u
Triazole 1.1	u
HS665	u		u
HS666			u
BPHA	u	u#	u
6’-GNTI			u
LOR17	u
Compound 4a	u		u
Helianorphin19	u	u	u

^#This property was studied but there is no antinociceptive data for BPHA