Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Sep 16;30(9):1159–1173. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.019

Figure 2. Diagram of types of biomarkers.

Figure 2.

Direct biomarkers are in the disease pathway and are therefore mechanistic biomarkers that reflect disease activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Changes in direct biomarkers would have the potential to reflect changes in disease state over time or in response to a drug. Indirect biomarkers report on some aspect of the disease but are not directly in the disease pathway. Created with BioRender.com (paid license)