Table 2.
Effect sizes comparing pre- to post-treatment and pre-treatment to follow-up change in mean scores between-groups on outcome measures.
| Change in mean scores pre-post | Change in mean scores pre- to follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Active tDCS n = 3 |
Sham n = 3 |
Effect size |
Active tDCS n = 3 |
Sham n = 3 |
Effect size | |
| Measure | M (SD) | M (SD) | Cohen's d | M (SD) | M (SD) | Cohen's d |
| Picture description | ||||||
| Total words | −12.67 (42.10) | −35.00 (71.90) | 0.38 | −13.00 (47.15) | −46.00 (79.68) | 0.50 |
| Total utterances | 1.67 (1.53) | −4.33 (8.08) | 1.03 | 1.00 (0) | −6.33 (9.29) | 1.12 |
| Verb token total | 4.33 (4.16) | −11.67 (24.54) | 0.91 | 0 (3.00) | −5.33 (10.69) | 0.68 |
| Verb type total | 7.00 (6.00) | −1.33 (6.66) | 1.31 | 4.67 (2.89) | −4.33 (6.81) | 1.72 |
| VTTR | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.20 (0.24) | 0.67 | 0.07 (0.06) | −0.08 (0.04) | 2.94 |
| PAS | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.08 (0.18) | 0.47 | −0.02 (0.30) | 0.09 (0.21) | −0.43 |
| Procedural | ||||||
| Total words | −2.33 (32.15) | −1.33 (15.95) | −0.04 | −20.33 (70.74) | −8.00 (9.54) | −0.24 |
| Total utterances | −1.33 (10.69) | −0.67 (4.04) | −0.08 | −1.00 (12.77) | 0 (3.61) | −0.11 |
| Verb token total | 9.00 (5.29) | −0.67 (6.43) | 1.64 | 0.67 (4.93) | −2.63 (4.73) | 0.68 |
| Verb type total | 3.00 (3.00) | −0.67 (3.79) | 1.07 | 1.00 (1.73) | −1.67 (2.89) | 1.12 |
| VTTR | −0.23 (0.29) | −0.01 (0.10) | –1.01 | 0.03 (0.18) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.07 |
| PAS | −0.01 (0.40) | −0.10 (0.35) | 0.24 | 0.06 (0.26) | −0.08 (0.46) | 0.38 |
| Cinderella narrative | ||||||
| Total words | 43.00 (52.74) | −14.67 (44.56) | 1.18 | 77.67 (115.54) | −19.67 (46.29) | 1.11 |
| Total utterances | 7.00 (6.24) | −1.33 (4.16) | 1.57 | 11.67 (12.42) | −1.67 (3.51) | 1.46 |
| Verb token total | 17.67 (7.09) | −9.33 (17.93) | 1.98 | 18.00 (23.52) | −8.67 (17.79) | 1.28 |
| Verb type total | 11.00 (3.61) | −2.67 (8.96) | 2.00 | 13.00 (14.93) | −3.00 (8.54) | 1.32 |
| VTTR | −0.13 (0.18) | 0.11 (0.06) | –1.79 | −0.20 (0.33) | 0.11 (0.23) | –1.09 |
| PAS | 0.02 (0.24) | 0.01 (0.08) | 0.06 | −0.16 (0.50) | −0.11 (0.08) | −0.14 |
| Questionnaires/screens | ||||||
| CETI | 7.33 (2.89) | 3.33 (3.51) | 1.24 | 11.33 (2.65) | 0.33 (1.15) | 5.39 |
| AIQ | 0 (5.00) | −2.00 (1.00) | 0.56 | NA | NA | |
| HADS-A | −0.67 (1.15) | 1.00 (1.73) | –1.14 | NA | NA | |
| HADS-D | 1.00 (1.73) | 1.00 (4.36) | 0 | NA | NA | |
| MOCA | 0.33 (0.58) | 0.33 (0.58) | 0 | NA | NA | |
Effect size: small effect = 0.2, medium effect = 0.5, large effect = 0.8; a decrease in AIQ score is a positive gain; Bold items indicate large effect; NA, Not Applicable.