Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics.
| Non-ECMO (n = 15) |
ECMO
(n = 25) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characteristics | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 73.0 (64–81) | 52.0 (42–65) | 0.002 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 17 (68.0) | 0.033 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.6 (6.0) | 26.0 (4.4) | 0.792 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 8 (32.0) | 0.608 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (12.0) | 0.237 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.267 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | 0.747 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (8.0) | 0.586 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.102 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 6 (24.0) | 0.522 |
| Cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.278 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.433 |
| Predisposing factors for PE | |||
| History of VTE or recent DVT, n (%) | 1 (6.7) | 6 (24.0) | 0.162 |
| Active cancer, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 7 (28.0) | 0.572 |
| Recent major surgery, n (%) | 1 (6.7) | 15 (60.0) | 0.001 |
| Recent major trauma, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.0) | 0.163 |
| Bed rest > 3 days, n (%) | 7 (46.7) | 6 (24.0) | 0.138 |
| Initial presentation | |||
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 13 (86.7) | 16 (64.0) | 0.120 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (20.0) | 0.346 |
| Cold sweating, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 8 (32.0) | 0.931 |
| Fever, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 6 (24.0) | 0.414 |
| Tachycardia, n (%) | 8 (53.3) | 11 (44.0) | 0.567 |
| Syncope, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.267 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 8 (32.0) | 0.411 |
| Risk of early death (High), n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 17 (68.0) | 0.083 |
BMI, body mass index; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IQR, interquartile range; PE, pulmonary embolism; SD, standard deviation; VTE, venous thromboembolism.