Table 2.
Prognostic values and management at the time of shock or cardiac arrest.
| Non-ECMO (n = 15) | ECMO (n = 25) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 15 (60.0) | 0.392 |
| Sudden cardiac arrest*, n (%) | 8 (53.3) | 12 (48.0) | 0.744 |
| CPR duration (min), mean (SD) | 34.8 (20.8) | 44.3 (22.4) | 0.281 |
| Right heart strain | |||
| RV strain on ECG, n (%) | 6 (85.7) (n = 7) | 16 (80.0) (n = 20) | 0.738 |
| RV dilation on echo, n (%) | 2 (100.0) (n = 2) | 19 (95.0) (n = 20) | 0.746 |
| RV/LV diameter ratio on CT, mean (SD) | 2.5 (0.8) (n = 5) | 1.9 (0.8) (n = 21) | 0.100 |
| RV/LV diameter ≥ 1.0 on CT, n (%) | 5 (100.0) (n = 5) | 18 (85.7) (n = 21) | 0.369 |
| Laboratory finding | |||
| PH, mean (SD) | 7.26 (0.13) (n = 10) | 7.13 (0.24) (n = 22) | 0.056 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 17.3 (4.3) (n = 10) | 16.8 (7.6) (n = 22) | 0.845 |
| SBE, median (IQR) | −5.8 (−15.7 to −4.0) (n = 10) | −12.5 (−19.6 to −4.1) (n = 22) | 0.200 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg), median (IQR) | 112.5 (57.9 to 262.9) (n = 8) | 111.25 (18.45 to 185.13) (n = 22) | 0.708 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0.27 (0.12 to 0.90) (n = 8) | 0.08 (0.029 to 0.329) (n = 23) | 0.061 |
| Time from shock to CPR/ECMO (hours), median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0 to 2.7) (n = 11) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.8) | 0.483 |
| Management | |||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 13 (86.7) | 25 (100.0) | 0.061 |
| Inotropic use, n (%) | 15 (100.0) | 22 (88.0) | 0.163 |
| Anticoagulation therapy | 15 (100.0) | 25 (100.0) | >0.999 |
| Before shock/arrest, n (%) | 10 (66.7) | 9 (36.0) | 0.060 |
| Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0.285 |
| Before CPR/ECMO, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.278 |
| After CPR/ECMO, n (%) | 1 (6.7) | 8 (32.0) | 0.063 |
| Pulmonary embolectomy, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CT, computed tomography; ECG, electrocardiogram; ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IQR, interquartile range; RV, right ventricle; RV/LV, right-to-left ventricular; SBE, standard base excess; SD, standard deviation.