Figure 3.

H. pylori priming boosts subsequent response to LPS. Human monocytes were primed with either LPS (5 ng/mL) or H. pylori (MOI 5) for 24 h and then challenged with LPS (10 ng/mL). (A) Cytokine mRNA expression was analyzed 2 h post-challenge. (B, C) Cytokine secretion levels as well as surface marker expression were measured after 24 h via Multiplex assay or flow cytometry, respectively. Histograms of one representative donor are shown. Bars represent mean + SD of at least four individual donors. For statistical analysis, RM-ANOVA with Šidak’s post-hoc test was performed (**p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001).