Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study	Country	LoE	Group	Knees (N)	Age	Females (%)	TKA design	MB type	Cruciate design	Patella resurfacing	Follow-up
Killen, 2019[36]	USA	Level I	MB	30	76.57	66.6%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR or PS	All resurfaced	13.95
			FB	21	76.79
Tiwari 2019[78]	South Korea	Level I	MB	260	69.7	94.6%	E.Motion PS-Pro; B.Braun-Aesculap	RP	PS	All resurfaced	2
			FB	133			Genesis II; Smith & Nephew
Sappey-Marinier 2019[70]	France	Level I	MB	65	71	58.7%	HLS Noetos knee prosthesis; Tornier	RP	PS	All resurfaced	7.4
			FB	64
Park 2019[62]	South Korea	Level II	MB	70	69.5	94.2%	ACS; Implantcast	-	PS	All resurfaced	4
			FB	70	68.9
Kim 2019[39]	South Korea	Level I	MB	164	63	86.5%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	17
			FB	164
Kim 2018[43]	South Korea	Level I	MB	92	61.5	81.5%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	12
			FB	92
Van Hamersveld 2018[82]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	23	67.5	76.1%	Triathalon; Stryker	RP	PS	None	6
			FB	23	68
Powell 2018[64]	New Zealand	Level I	MB	91	65.5	43.7%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	At surgeon's discretion	14
			FB	99
Chaudhry 2018 [14]	India	Level II	MB	50	58.7	54.5%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	At surgeon's discretion	6–8
			FB	60	57.6
Abdel 2018[1]	USA	Level I	MB	55	67.4	65.6%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	10
			FB	114	67
Amaro 2017[3]	Brazil	Level I	MB	32	65.2	71.9%	NR	RP	PS	None	2
			FB	32	66.2
Feczko 2017[18]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	42	NR	NR	Scorpio; Stryker	RP	PS	All resurfaced	5
			FB	48
Schotanus 2017[71]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	20	61.9	41.4%	Vanguard; Zimmer Biomet	RP	NR	NR	3
			FB	21	67.1
Baktir 2016[7]	Turkey	Level I	MB	47	64.9	88.2%	TC-PLUS; Smith & Nephew	RP	CR	None	8
			FB	46	64.7		Maxim; Biomet
Artz 2015[4]	UK	Level II	MB	104	61.7	51%	Rotaglide; Corin	RP + AP gliding	NR	NR	2
			FB	102	61.6
Minoda 2015[53]	Japan	Level I	MB	46	74.3	88.3%	Vanguard; Zimmer Biomet	RP	PS	NR	2
			FB	48	75.7
Van De Groes 2015[80]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	24	66.5	49%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	None	1.2
			FB	23	66.2				CR		1.6
Fransen 2015[21]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	114	65.7	69.6%	Genesis II; Smith & Nephew	RP or RT/AP gliding	CR	At surgeons discretion	5
			FB	123	65.8
Tjørnild 2015[79]	Denmark	Level II	MB	27	66	54%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	All resurfaced	2
			FB	28
Marques 2015[51]	Germany	Level I	MB	48	69.4	73%	Columbus, BBraun Aesculap	RP	CR	None	4
			FB	52	68.9
Bailey 2015[6]	UK	Level I	MB	161	69.2	57.1%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	170	70.1
Okamoto 2014[60]	Japan	Level I	MB	20	76	85%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	None	1
			FB	20	78
Breugem 2014[12]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	29	78	65.2%	NexGen Legacy; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	7.9
			FB	40	80
Ferguson 2014[19]	UK	Level II	MB	176	70.2	53.1%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	176	69.8
Breeman 2013[10]	UK	Level II	MB	276	69	60.1%	Non-specific	Non-specific		At surgeons discretion	5
			FB	263
Nieuwenhuijse 2013[58]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	37	66.8–68.7	80.8%	NexGen LPS-Flex/LPS; Zimmer	RP	PS	At Surgeons discretion	5
			FB	41	68.5–72.2
Prasad 2013[65]	India	Level II	MB	16	63.75	62.5%	Exactech; Optetrek	RP	PS	None	1
			FB	16	63.68				CR
Radetzki 2013[67]	Germany	Level II	MB	17	66..5	53.8%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	10.8
			FB	22	65.6		NexGen LPS; Zimmer
Kim 2012 [38]	South Korea	Level I	MB	108	45	76.9%	LCS; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	16.8
			FB	108			AMK; DePuy		CR
Scuderi 2012[72]	USA & Canada	Level I	MB	152	63.7	58.4%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	4
			FB	141	63.4
Pijls 2012[63]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	21	64	81%	Interax; Stryker	RP + AP gliding	PS	NR	10–12
			FB	21	66
Nutton 2012[59]	UK	Level I	MB	36	68.3	51.3%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	None	1
			FB	40	69.8				CR
Mahoney 2012[50]	USA	Level II	MB	252	66	63.9%	Scorpio – Stryker	RP	PS	All resurfaced	2
			FB	255
Jolles 2012[34]	Switzerland	Level I	MB	26	67.1	58%	NexGen LPS-Flex; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	2
			FB	29	70.2
Lizaur-Utrilla 2012[49]	Spain	Level I	MB	61	74.6	79%	Trekking; Samo	RP	CR	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	58	73.9		Multigen Plus; Lima
Tienboon 2012[77]	Thailand	Level II	MB	100	69.9	85.5%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	NR	All resurfaced	2
			FB	100	68.4
Wolterbeek 2012[87]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	9	63	65%	Triathlon; Stryker	RP	PS	None	1
			FB	11	66
Kalisvaart 2012 [35]	USA	Level I	MB	76	67.4	70%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	5
			FB	76	67.1
Kim 2012 [37]	South Korea	Level II	MB	40	68	96.3%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	NR	2.5
			FB	40	66		NexGen LPS; Zimmer
Shemshaki 2012[73]	Iran	Level I	MB	150	68	64%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	5
			FB	150	70
Jacobs 2011[33]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	46	67.6	70.7%	BalanSys; Mathys Medical	RP + AP gliding	CR	None	1
			FB	46	66.7
Tibesku 2011[76]	Germany	Level II	MB	16	65	63.6%	Genesis II; Smith & Nephew	RP	CR	None	2
			FB	17	66
Lampe 2011[47]	Germany	Level I	MB	48	70	73%	Columbus; B.Braun-Aesculap	RP	CR	None	1
			FB	52	69
Woolson 2011[88]	USA	Level I	MB	33	78	NR	LCS; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	11.5
			FB	30	77.9		NexGen; Zimmer
Ball 2011 [8]	USA	Level I	MB	51	64.9	56.0%	Scorpio; Stryker	RP	PS	NR	4
			FB	42	64
Rahman 2010 [68]	Canada	Level I	MB	24	62.6	62.7%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	At surgeons discretion	3.5
			FB	27	62
Munro 2010 [56]	New Zealand	Level I	MB	25	67.2	43.75%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	NR	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	23	67.7
Hanusch 2010 [25]	UK	Level I	MB	50	70	49.5%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	None	1.1
			FB	55	69.4
Matsuda 2010[52]	Japan	Level I	MB	30	73	77.0%	NexGen LPS; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	5.7
			FB	31	76
Gioe 2009[24]	USA	Level I	MB	176	71.8	2.8%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	3.5
			FB	136	72.62
Kim 2009[44]	South Korea	Level I	MB	92	69.5	92.4%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	All resurfaced	2.6
			FB	92			Advance medial pivot; Wright Medical
Kim 2009[41]	South Korea	Level I	MB	61	48.3	73.8%	LCS; DePuy	MeBe	CR	All resurfaced	10.8
			FB	61			AMK; DePuy
Vasdev 2009[83]	India	Level I	MB	60	63	58.3%	LCS; DePuy	RP	NR	None	3.5
			FB	60			NexGen LPS; Zimmer
Wohlrab 2009[86]	Germany	Level II	MB	30	65.5	56.7%	NexGen; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	5
			FB	30
Harrington 2009[26]	USA	Level II	MB	68	63.7	64.3%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR or PS	All resurfaced	2
			FB	72	63.3
Hasegawa 2009[27]	Japan	Level I	MB	25	73	88%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	3.3
			FB	25
Higuchi 2009[30]	Japan	Level II	MB	31	68.4	72.1%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	NR	4
			FB	45
Lädermann 2008[46]	Switzerland	Level I	MB	52	72	67.3%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	7.1
			FB	52	69.8
Wylde 2008[89]	UK	Level I	MB	118	68.9	54.5%	Kinemax Plus; Stryker	-	NR	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	132	67.6
Breugem 2008[11]	Netherlands	Level I	MB	48	71.2	64.1%	NexGen LPS; Zimmer	RP	PS	All resurfaced	1
			FB	55	68.9
Kim 2007[45]	South Korea	Level I	MB	146	69.8	94.5%	LCS; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	13.2
			FB	146			AMK; DePuy		CR
Kim 2007[40]	South Korea	Level I	MB	174	67	64.4%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	CR	All resurfaced	5.6
			FB	174			PFC Sigma; DePuy
Henricson 2006[29]	Sweden	Level I	MB	26	72	62.5%	MBK; Zimmer	RP + AP gliding	CR	At surgeons discretion	2
			FB	26			NexGen LPS; Zimmer
Garling 2005[23]	Netherlands	Level II	MB	21	66	63.6%	Interax; Stryker	RP + AP gliding	PS	All resurfaced	2
			FB	21
Aglietti 2005[2]	Italy	Level II	MB	103	71	83.8%	MBK; Zimmer	RP + AP gliding	CR	All resurfaced	3
			FB	107	69.5		NexGen LPS; Zimmer		PS
Bhan 2005[9]	India	Level I	MB	16	63	68.8%	LCS; DePuy	RP	PS	None	6
			FB	16			Columbus; Zimmer
Pagnano 2004[61]	USA	Level II	MB	80	67	69.6%	PFC Sigma; DePuy	RP	PS	All resurfaced	1
			FB	160
Saari 2003[69]	Sweden	Level II	MB	7	69	81%	Freeman-Samuelson, Finsbury	RP	CR or PS	NR	1
			FB	15
Price 2003[66]	UK	Level I	MB	21	73.1	60%	TMK; Biomet	RP + AP gliding	CR	None	1
			FB	19			ACG; Biomet
Kim 2001[42]	South Korea	Level I	MB	120	65	69%	LCS; DePuy	MeBe	PS	All resurfaced	7.4
			FB	120			AMK; DePuy

LoE Level of evidence; TKA total knee arthroplasty; MB mobile-bearing; FB fixed-bearing; RP rotating platform; RP + AP rotating platform and anterior–posterior gliding; MeBe meniscal bearing; CR cruciate-retaining; PS posterior-stabilized; NR not-reported