Table 2.
Summary of quality assessment (ROBINS-I)
| Authors (year) | Type of bias | Overall risk of bias | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounding | Participant selection | Classification of interventions | Deviation from intended intervention | Attrition bias | Detection bias | Reporting bias | ||
| Mitchell et al. [21] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Kumar et al. [22] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Fochtmann et al. [23] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Baghi et al. [24] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Ege et al. [25] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Paryavi et al. [26] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Franz et al. [27] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Tan et al. [28] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Ball et al. [29] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Dragas et al. [30] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Ekim et al. [31] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Rasouli et al. [32] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Heis et al. [33] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Joshi et al. [34] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
| Togawa et al. [35] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |