Table 2.
Evidence suggestive of type 1 myocardial infarction in different cardiac imaging modalities.
| Coronary angiography n = 68 |
Myocardial perfusion imaging/positron emission tomography n = 39 |
Transthoracic echocardiography n = 198 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1MI criteria present (n = 43) |
T1MI criteria absent (n = 25) |
p-value | T1MI criteria present (n = 18) |
T1MI criteria absent (n = 21) |
p-value | T1MI criteria present (n = 15) |
T1MI criteria absent (n = 184) |
p-value | |
| Age—median [IQR] | 74.0 [70.5, 77.5] | 71.0 [68.0, 74.0] | 0.056 | 72.5 [71.0, 74.8] | 72.0 [69.0, 79.0] | 0.366 | 79.0 [74.5, 82.5] | 76.0 [70.0, 81.0] | 0.236 |
| Female gender—no. (%) | 9 (21) | 8 (32) | 0.468 | 5 (28) | 5 (24) | 1.000 | 7 (47) | 67 (36) | 0.608 |
| Risk factors and history—no. (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 33 (77) | 19 (76) | 1.000 | 16 (89) | 18 (86) | 1.000 | 9 (60) | 137 (74) | 0.361 |
| Diabetes | 17 (39) | 8 (30) | 0.605 | 9 (50) | 7 (33) | 0.615 | 0.553 | ||
| NIDDM | 11 (26) | 5 (20) | 5 (28) | 4 (19) | 1 (7) | 27 (1 5) | |||
| IDDM | 6 (14) | 2 (8) | 4 (22) | 3 (14) | 4 (27) | 33 (18) | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 26 (60) | 13 (52) | 0.670 | 10 (56) | 8 (38) | 0.442 | 6 (40) | 90 (49) | 0.692 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 10 (28) | 8 (38) | 0.608 | 5 (28) | 6 (29) | 1.000 | 1 (7) | 53 (29) | 0.074 |
| Previous stroke/TIA | 8 (19) | 2 (8) | 0.304 | 1 (6) | 5 (24) | 0.190 | 0 (0) | 21 (11) | 0.376 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (11) | 2 (10) | 1.000 | 4 (22) | 4 (19) | 1.000 | 3 (20) | 41 (22) | 1.000 |
| Chronic heart failure | 9 (21) | 4 (16) | 0.754 | 6 (33) | 1 (5) | 0.035 | 3 (20) | 47 (26) | 0.765 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 23 (53) | 12 (48) | 0.853 | 7 (39) | 5 (24) | 0.488 | 6 (40) | 58 (32) | 0.698 |
| COPD | 4 (9) | 3 (12) | 0.702 | 3 (17) | 1 (5) | 0.318 | 2 (13) | 32 (17) | 1.000 |
| Renal failure | 23 (53) | 12 (48) | 0.853 | 12 (67) | 13 (62) | 1.000 | 9 (60) | 115 (62) | 1.000 |
| Preoperative medication—no. (%) | |||||||||
| ASA | 30 (75) | 17 (68) | 0.742 | 9 (50) | 12 (57) | 0.901 | 8 (53) | 95 (52) | 1.000 |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 2 (7) | 2 (9) | 1.000 | 1 (6) | 2 (10) | 1.000 | 1 (7) | 15 (8) | 1.000 |
| β- Blocker | 27 (63) | 12 (48) | 0.350 | 8 (44) | 9 (43) | 1.000 | 8 (53) | 84 (46) | 0.761 |
| Statin | 23 (53) | 15 (60) | 0.789 | 11 (61) | 9 (43) | 0.415 | 4 (27) | 90 (49) | 0.113 |
| ACEI/ARB | 18 (42) | 12 (48) | 0.812 | 15 (83) | 11 (52) | 0.051 | 7 (47) | 85 (46) | 1.000 |
| Surgery—no. (%) | 0.304 | 0.403 | 0.284 | ||||||
| Orthopedic/traumatology | 12 (28) | 5 (20) | 5 (28) | 5 (24) | 4 (27) | 72 (39) | |||
| Visceral | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | NA | NA | 4 (27) | 13 (7) | |||
| Vascular | 24 (5) | 10 (40) | 4 (22) | 3 (14) | 4 (27) | 42 (23) | |||
| Thoracic | 2 (5) | 2 (8) | 1 (6) | 3 (14) | 1 (7) | 15 (8) | |||
| Spinal | 3 (7) | 3 (12) | 7 (39) | 4 (19) | 2 (13) | 24 (13) | |||
| Urologic | 1 (2) | 2 (8) | 1 (6) | 5 (24) | 0 (0) | 15 (8) | |||
| Other | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |||
| ESC/ESA risk—no. (%) | 0.892 | 0.908 | 0.389 | ||||||
| Low | 7 (16) | 5 (20) | 4 (22) | 6 (29) | 1 (7) | 39 (21) | |||
| Medium | 23 (53) | 12 (48) | 11 (61) | 12 (57) | 10 (67) | 111 (60) | |||
| High | 13 (30) | 8 (32) | 3 (17) | 3 (14) | 4 (27) | 34 (18) | |||
| Revised cardiac risk score—no. (%) | 0.639 | 0.907 | 0.682 | ||||||
| I | 8 (19) | 8 (32) | 4 (22) | 7 (33) | 5 (33) | 46 (25) | |||
| II | 12 (28) | 7 (28) | 6 (33) | 6 (29) | 4 (27) | 64 (35) | |||
| III | 14 (33) | 6 (24) | 6 (33) | 6 (29) | 2 (13) | 40 (22) | |||
| IV | 9 (21) | 4 (16) | 2 (11) | 2 (10) | 4 (27) | 34 (18) | |||
| Standard evaluation for PMI—no. (%) | |||||||||
| Ischemic symptoms | 14 (33) | 9 (36) | 0.981 | 4 (22) | 3 (14) | 0.682 | 4 (27) | 36 (20) | 0.508 |
| Ischemic ECG findings | 26 (60) | 8 (33) | 0.061 | 3 (18) | 3 (15) | 1.000 | 5 (42) | 45 (31) | 0.521 |
| Peak troponin—median (IQR) | |||||||||
| S-cTnI | 745.0 [192, 2001] | 539.5 [125, 1262] | 0.561 | NA | NA | NA | 183.0 [127.0, 803.0] | NA | |
| Hs-cTnT troponin T | 238.5 [108, 738] | 124.0 [86, 518] | 0.299 | 108.5 [77, 201] | 66.0 [46, 137] | 0.071 | 240.0 [109, 504] | 85.0 [49, 162] | 0.003 |
Hs-cTnT was only measured in patients from the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland and INCOR Heart institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil; S-cTnI was only measured in patients from the Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland;
T1MI type 1 myocardial infarction, IQR interquartile range, NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, TIA transient ischemic attack, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ASA acetylsalicylic acid, ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, ESC/ESA European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Anesthesiology, S-cTnI sensitive cardiac troponin I, Hs-cTnT high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, NA not available.