Table 1.

Diagnostic criteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Radiological signs	Suggestive image of pneumonia on two or more serial chest X-rays and CT-scans
AND
Systemic signs	At least one of the following
	Fever > 38 °C with no other cause
	Leukopenia (< 4000 white blood cell/mm3) or leucocytosis (≥ 12,000 white blood cell/mm3)
AND
Respiratory signs	At least one of the following
	New onset of purulent sputum, or change in character of sputum
	Cough, dyspnea, or tachypnea
	Suggestive auscultation
	Worsening gas exchange
AND
Microbiological criteria	At least one of the following
	Positive quantitative culture from broncho-alveolar lavage with a threshold of ≥ 104 colony forming unit
	Positive quantitative culture from endotracheal aspirate with a threshold of ≥ 105 colony forming units