Table 1.
Emphasis and relevant sections of this review corresponding to of major parasites in beekeeping based on Pasho et al., (2021).
| Parasite (common name) | Parasite (binomial name) | Biological classification | Degree of concern | Relevant sections of this review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American foulbrood/‘AFB' | Paenibacillus larvae | Bacteria | Medium | Section 3.2 |
| European foulbrood/‘EFB' | Melissococcus plutonius | Bacteria | Medium | Box 1; Section 3.2 |
| Varroa mite | Varroa destructor | Ectoparasitic mite | High | Box 1; Box 2; Sections 2.4, 3.1, 4.1 & 4.2. |
| Small hive beetle/‘SHB' | Aethina tumida | Coleoptera | Varies/Regional | Sections 2.1, 2.3, 3.3 |
| Wax moths | Galleria mellonella | Lepidoptera | Low | Not discussed |
| Trachael mites | Acarapis woodi | Endoparasitic mite | Low | Not discussed |
| Chalkbrood | Ascophaera apis | Fungi | Low | Section 3.2 |
| Stonebrood | Aspergillus spp. | Fungi | Low | Section 3.2 |
| Nosema | Vairimorpha spp. | Microsporidia | Medium | Section 2.0 |
| Deformed wing virus/‘DWV' | - | Virus | High | Sections 2.2 & 2.3 (non-specific) |
| Sacbrood virus | - | Virus | Medium | Sections 2.2 & 2.3 (non-specific) |
| Paralysis viruses (numerous) | - | Virus | Medium | Sections 2.2 & 2.3 (non-specific) |
| Black queen cell virus | - | Virus | Low | Sections 2.2 & 2.3 (non-specific) |