Table 2.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with AD
| Prevalence in fully vaccinated AD patients, n (%); (N = 58,582) | Prevalence in non-fully vaccinated AD patients, n (%); (N = 19,100) | Univariate OR | 95% confidence interval | p value | Multivariate ORd | 95% confidence interval | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the onset of pandemic ≥ 33.2 yearsa | 37,544 (64.1) | 8095 (42.4) | 2.43 | 2.35–2.51 | < 0.001 | 2.29 | 2.21–2.37 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 22,518 (38.4) | 7355 (38.5) | 0.99 | 0.96–1.03 | 0.864 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.05 | 0.454 |
| Jewish ethnicity (vs Arab ethnicity) | 51,074 (87.2) | 14,895 (78.0) | 1.92 | 1.84–2.00 | < 0.001 | 1.60 | 1.53–1.67 | < 0.001 |
| High SES (vs low and intermediate) | 17,057 (29.1) | 3351 (17.5) | 1.93 | 1.85–2.01 | < 0.001 | 1.32 | 1.30–1.35 | < 0.001 |
| Adult-onset AD (vs childhood-onset AD) | 47,535 (81.1) | 12,103 (63.4) | 2.49 | 2.40–2.58 | < 0.001 | 1.34 | 1.28–1.40 | < 0.001 |
| Moderate-to-severe AD (vs mild AD)b | 4573 (7.8) | 1123 (5.9) | 1.36 | 1.27–1.45 | < 0.001 | 1.13 | 1.05–1.21 | 0.001 |
| Immunosuppressive agents during the pandemicc | 479 (0.8) | 118 (0.6) | 1.33 | 1.08–1.62 | 0.006 | 1.16 | 0.94–1.42 | 0.171 |
| Phototherapy during the pandemic | 373 (0.6) | 99 (0.5) | 1.23 | 0.99–1.54 | 0.067 | 1.10 | 0.87–1.37 | 0.433 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 4,667 (8.0) | 822 (4.3) | 1.93 | 1.78–2.08 | < 0.001 | 1.32 | 1.22–1.43 | < 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 5753 (9.8) | 973 (5.1) | 2.03 | 1.89–2.18 | < 0.001 | 1.36 | 1.27–1.47 | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 1372 (2.3) | 261 (1.4) | 1.73 | 1.52–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.17 | 1.02–1.34 | 0.024 |
| Asthma | 8956 (15.3) | 2945 (15.4) | 0.99 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.663 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.05 | 0.923 |
| Smoking | 18,745 (32.0) | 5063 (26.5) | 1.31 | 1.26–1.35 | < 0.001 | 1.08 | 1.04–1.12 | < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 126 (0.2) | 27 (0.1) | 1.52 | 1.00–2.31 | 0.046 | 1.05 | 0.69–1.60 | 0.802 |
| Chronic renal failure | 1287 (2.2) | 246 (1.3) | 1.72 | 1.50–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.19 | 1.03–1.37 | 0.016 |
| Malignancy | 4369 (7.5) | 743 (3.9) | 1.99 | 1.84–2.16 | < 0.001 | 1.41 | 1.30–1.53 | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 3872 (6.6) | 946 (5.0) | 1.36 | 1.26–1.46 | < 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.92–1.07 | 0.811 |
Bold: significant values
AD atopic dermatitis, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, OR odds ratio, SES socioeconomic status
aDichotomy of this continuous variable was based on its median value
bDisease severity and intake of oral systemic agents during the pandemic were collapsed as a single variable in the regression model because of significant collinearity between the two variables
cAzathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, cyclosporine, dupilumab
dAdjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity