Table 2.
Pooled prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in goats in China.
| No. studies | No. examined | No. positive | % (95% CI*) | Heterogeneity | P-value | Univariate meta-regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ 2 | I2 (%) | P-value | Coefficient (95% CI) | |||||||
| Region* | 0.584 | -0.099 (-0.455 to 0.256) | ||||||||
| Central China | 9 | 3255 | 2559 | 70.9% (50.57-87.63) | 1066.20 | < 0.01 | 99.2% | Reference | ||
| Eastern China | 24 | 4935 | 3384 | 79.8% (69.78-88.21) | 1331.54 | < 0.01 | 98.3% | |||
| Northern China | 5 | 1081 | 777 | 78.4% (57.25-93.78) | 175.84 | < 0.01 | 97.7% | |||
| Northeastern China | 2 | 246 | 216 | 88.0% (83.54-91.86) | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.00% | |||
| Northwestern China | 12 | 2985 | 1996 | 80.7% (59.36-95.42) | 1562.79 | 0.00 | 99.3% | |||
| Southern China | 1 | 61 | 44 | 72.1% (60.13-82.75) | 0.00 | – | – | |||
| Southwestern China | 21 | 12714 | 4727 | 78.4% (50.75-96.62) | 14870.98 | 0.00 | 99.9% | |||
| Sampling year | 0.508 | 0.105 (-0.206 to 0.416) | ||||||||
| Before, 2006 | 16 | 2794 | 2238 | 83.9% (70.48-93.84) | 910.51 | < 0.01 | 98.4% | Reference | ||
| 2006 or later | 38 | 20728 | 10823 | 75.3% (58.72-88.72) | 21371.00 | 0.00 | 99.8% | |||
| Detection methods* | 0.343 | -0.129 (-0.396 to 0.138) | ||||||||
| Float (NaCl) | 50 | 19189 | 8774 | 75.9% (62.00-87.46) | 18390.77 | 0.00 | 99.7% | Reference | ||
| Float (C12H22O11) | 14 | 7016 | 5867 | 85.7% (75.25-93.67) | 1537.52 | < 0.01 | 98.2% | |||
| Others | 2 | 218 | 197 | 87.7% (27.78-100.00) | 68.59 | < 0.01 | 98.5% | |||
| Feeding model | 0.829 | 0.022 (-0.180 to 0.225) | ||||||||
| Free range | 16 | 2940 | 2295 | 79.4% (66.46-89.92) | 884.77 | < 0.01 | 98.3% | Reference | ||
| Intensive | 33 | 8521 | 6326 | 77.4% (66.56-86.67) | 3966.04 | 0.00 | 99.2% | |||
| Age | 0.165 | -0.111 (-0.268 to 0.046) | ||||||||
| > 1 year | 23 | 4357 | 3689 | 82.2% (73.97-89.15) | 800.04 | < 0.01 | 97.3% | |||
| ≤ 1 year | 23 | 3677 | 3153 | 89.9% (80.82-96.48) | 1240.90 | < 0.01 | 98.2 | Reference | ||
| Sex | 0.258 | -0.246 (-0.672 to 0.180) | ||||||||
| Female | 6 | 897 | 800 | 89.9% (70.86-99.78) | 168.80 | < 0.01 | 97.0% | |||
| Male | 4 | 211 | 120 | 70.7% (27.90- 98.96) | 115.08 | < 0.01 | 97.4% | Reference | ||
| Season* | 0.324 | 0.181 (-0.178 to 0.541) | ||||||||
| Spring | 12 | 3116 | 791 | 60.5% (32.14-85.58) | 1946.74 | 0.00 | 99.4% | |||
| Summer | 10 | 3648 | 1625 | 81.5% (46.52-99.73) | 3687.38 | 0.00 | 99.8% | Reference | ||
| Autumn | 10 | 4297 | 1580 | 70.5% (41.19-92.73) | 2929.92 | 0.00 | 99.7% | |||
| Winter | 5 | 2210 | 284 | 67.8% (8.79- 100.00) | 1322.86 | < 0.01 | 99.7% | |||
| Score level | 0.188 | -0.170 (-0.424 to 0.083) | ||||||||
| 4–5 | 40 | 20130 | 10805 | 82.9% (67.49-94.10) | 22252.61 | 0.00 | 99.8% | |||
| 2–3 | 25 | 5980 | 3682 | 69.0% (57.46-79.55) | 1991.91 | 0.00 | 98.8% | Reference | ||
| 0–1 | 5 | 907 | 829 | 88.8% (80.67-94.99) | 30.53 | < 0.01 | 86.9% | |||
| Total | 70 | 27017 | 15316 | 78.7% (68.15-87.67) | 25056.86 | 0.00 | 99.7% | |||
CI*, Confidence interval;
NA*, not applicable;
Region*: Northern China: Beijing; Northwestern China: Shanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Qinghai; Southwestern China: Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan; Northeastern China: Heilongjiang; Central China: Henan; Eastern China: Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong; Southern China: Hubei, Guangxi.
Detection methods*: Float (NaCl): Saturated Salt Water Floatation Method; Float (C12H22O11): Saturated Sucrose Solution Floatation Method; Others: Stauer’s Method, Saturated Magnesium Sulfate Solution as Test Tube Floatation Method.
Season*: Spring: Mar to May; Summer: Jun to Aug; Autumn: Sep to Nov; Winter: Dec to Feb.