Table 1.
Clinical, laboratorial, and instrumental findings in different subsets of the patients with MIS-C according to heart involvement.
| Parameter | CAL (n = 10) | MI (n = 30) | CAL+MI (n = 10) | No heart involvement (n = 72) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 1.9 (1.1; 3.2) | 9.5 (4.0; 11.4) | 10.2 (9.0; 12.8) | 8.9 (5.9; 12.4) | 0.0007 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 7 (70) | 18 (60) | 5 (50) | 39 (54.2) | 0.748 |
| COVID-19 identification | |||||
| PCR, n (%) | 1/9 (11.1) | 5 (16.7) | 2/9 (22.2) | 6/69 (8.7) | 0.525 |
| IgM, n (%) | 2/9 (22.2) | 8/28 (28.6) | 4/9 (44.4) | 15/48 (31.3) | 0.761 |
| IgG, n (%) | 9/9 (100) | 26/27 (96.3) | 9/9 (100) | 61/66 (92.4) | 0.617 |
| Family contact, n (%) | 3/8 (37.5) | 16/23 (69.6) | 5/8 (62.5) | 25/43 (58.1) | 0.451 |
| COVID-19 clinical signs, n (%) | 4/6 (66.7) | 6/10 (60) | 3/4 (75) | 18/23 (78.3) | 0.737 |
| Clinical signs | |||||
| GI symptoms, n (%) | 7 (70) | 27 (90) | 7 (70) | 49/70 (70) | 0.187 |
| Neurological symptoms, n (%) | 4 (40) | 16/29 (55.2) | 5/9 (55.6) | 28/70 (40) | 0.489 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 5 (50) | 21 (70) | 10 (100) | 40/69 (58) | 0.046 |
| Rash, n (%) | 10 (100) | 20 (66.7) | 8 (80) | 55/68 (80.9) | 0.137 |
| Conjunctivitis, n (%) | 8 (80) | 25/28 (89.3) | 8 (80) | 56/67 (83.6) | 0.842 |
| Dry cracked lips, n (%) | 6 (60) | 17/25 (68) | 6 (60) | 33/68 (48.5) | 0.383 |
| Bright mucous, n (%) | 6 (60) | 20/28 (71.4) | 8 (80) | 34/49 (69.4) | 0.804 |
| Respiratory signs, n (%) | 5 (50) | 19 (63.3) | 5 (50) | 29 (40.9) | 0.230 |
| Cervical lymphadenopathy, n (%) | 6 (60) | 23/26 (88.5) | 9 (90) | 49/69 (71) | 0.135 |
| Hands/feet erythema/edema, n (%) |
7 (70) | 22/27 (81.5) | 7/8 (87.5) | 39/68 (57.4) | 0.075 |
| Peeling of fingers, n (%) | 6 (60) | 17/26 (65.4) | 3/7 (42.9) | 22/66 (33.3) | 0.031 |
| Face swelling, % | 3 (30) | 21/29 (72.4) | 6/8 (75) | 26/66 (39.4) | 0.006 |
| Hepatomegaly, n (%) | 7 (70) | 25 (83.3) | 7 (70) | 41/66 (62.1) | 0.226 |
| Splenomegaly, n (%) | 2 (20) | 21 (70) | 4 (40) | 17/65 (26.2) | 0.0004 |
| Arthritis/arthralgia, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (20) | 3/9 (33.3) | 12/68 (17.7) | 0.293 |
| Shock/hypotension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 20 (66.7) | 6 (60) | 25 (34.7) | 0.0005 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 0 (0) | 25 (83.3) | 5 (50) | 25 (34.7) | 0.000002 |
| Duration of fever, days | 12 (7; 17) | 11 (8; 15) | 9 (9; 13) | 10 (7; 13) | 0.720 |
| KD criteria fulfillment • Complete, n (%) • Incomplete, n (%) |
6 (60) • 4 (40) | 17 (56.7) • 6 (20) | 7 (70) • 2 (20) | 38 (52.8) • 6 (8.3) | 0.026 |
| Laboratorial | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 98 (88; 103) | 98 (86; 113) | 113 (109; 123) | 107 (97; 114) | 0.008 |
| White blood cells, 109/L | 16.7 (7.9; 21.1) | 16.3 (11.7; 23.0) | 16.9 (10.4; 21.7) | 15.8 (11.4; 20.0) | 0.958 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 664 (264; 903) | 87 (70; 451) | 227 (150; 450) | 204 (117; 443) | 0.011 |
| ESR, mm/h | 57 (40; 67) | 46 (36; 52) | 43 (22; 53) | 44 (30; 55) | 0.520 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 8.2 (2.1; 14.5) | 14.5 (11.0; 24.2) | 18.4 (12.7; 24.2) | 13.8 (3.1; 27.5) | 0.271 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 101.1 (86.8; 258.4) | 417.5 (200.0; 902.2) | 348.5 (272.1; 427.5) | 180.9 (65.5; 474.2) | 0.010 |
| ALT, IU/L | 28.2 (16.1; 73.6) | 45.8 (25.0; 81.5) | 44.5 (21.0; 64.0) | 37.5 (23.0; 71.1) | 0.750 |
| AST, IU/L | 24.5 (21.0; 80.8) | 56.0 (39.6; 94.0) | 44.6 (31.9; 74.0) | 47.0 (30.0; 76.0) | 0.217 |
| Serum protein, g/L | 61.3 (58.0; 75.3) | 50.6 (44.0; 58.0) | 61.0 (51.0; 63.9) | 58.6 (52.6; 63.7) | 0.005 |
| Albumin, g/L | 33.1 (28.4; 36.6) | 31.0 (25.8; 34.0) | 33.4 (24.2; 36.5) | 29.5 (26.7; 33.8) | 0.663 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.8 (1.7; 2.5) | 2.3 (1.7; 3.6) | 2.5 (2.3; 2.7) | 2.5 (1.7; 2.9) | 0.905 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 37.6 (36.0; 46.6) | 54.0 (41.7; 88.4) | 50.0 (49.3; 67.0) | 59.7 (46.5; 69.0) | 0.020 |
| LDH, IU/L | 247.0 (211.0; 274.5) | 403.5 (260.0; 597.2) | 329.0 (213.0; 382.0) | 470.0 (291.0; 663.0) | 0.008 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.0 (3.3; 5.4) | 3.8 (1.5; 5.8) | 5.5 (4.7; 7.7) | 4.2 (2.7; 6.2) | 0.172 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 1,335 (583; 2,376.5) | 2,420 (1,800; 3,778) | 2,471 (1,555; 2,640) | 882 (552; 2,000) | 0.0008 |
| Troponin, pg/ml | 0.0 (0.0; 0.3) | 56.0 (3.1; 172.0) | 7.9 (5.5; 99.9) | 2.5 (1.0; 6.0) | 0.011 |
| Hscore | 96 (68; 119) | 142 (106; 168) | 106 (91; 112) | 91 (68; 121) | 0.0002 |
| Treatment and outcomes | |||||
| IVIG treatment, n (%) | 7 (70) | 17/28 (60.7) | 8 (80) | 29/67 (43.3) | 0.063 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) | 9/9 (100) | 16/29 (55.2) | 7 (70) | 39/67 (58.2) | 0.080 |
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 5 (50) | 25 (83.3) | 10 (100) | 53 (79.1) | 0.042 |
| Biologics, n (%) | 1 (10) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.037 |
| Stay in hospital, days | 18 (15; 21) | 26 (23; 41) | 26 (22; 43) | 17 (13; 24) | 0.00001 |
GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; CAL, coronary artery lesions; MI, myocardial involvement.