FIGURE 1.

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) comparison of RNA Features, Receptor, Receptor binding sites, Timeline. To date, seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been detected: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV*), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV**) and SARS-CoV-2***. Four of these viruses, including HCoV-229E, -NL63, -HKU1, and -OC43, usually cause mild-to-moderate respiratory diseases with a seasonal pattern. Three new HCoVs have recently emerged with a significant mortality rate. Despite the fact that all HCoVs share similarities in viral replication, they differ in their accessory proteins, incubation period and pathogenicity (Modified by Kesheh et al., 2021).