Table 1.
Characteristics of FINRISK 2007, FINRISK 2012, and FinHealth 2017 Study subjects who completed the FFQ
(Numbers and percentages; median and interquartile range (IQR))
2007 (n 4874) | 2012 (n 4812) | 2017 (n 4442) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, women (%) | 53·9 | 54·6 | 55·4 | |||
Age (years) | ||||||
Mean | 52 | 52 | 53 | |||
sd | 13 | 14* | 14* | |||
Age groups, years (%) | ||||||
25–34 | 12·7 | 14·2 | 13·3 | |||
35–44 | 17·0 | 17·3 | 17·0 | |||
45–54 | 21·7† | 20·2 | 18·9† | |||
55–64 | 24·0 | 22·8 | 24·4 | |||
65–74 | 24·6 | 25·6 | 26·3 | |||
Education (years) | ||||||
Mean | 13 | 13 | 14 | |||
sd | 4‡,† | 4‡ | 4† | |||
Education level§(%) | ||||||
Low | 29·5‡ | 32·9‡ | 31·4 | |||
Middle | 34·9 | 32·9 | 33·1 | |||
High | 35·6 | 34·2 | 35·5 | |||
Median | IQR1, IQR3 | Median | IQR1, IQR3 | Median | IQR1, IQR3 | |
Relative household income (k€/year) | 23 | 15, 33‡,† | 27 | 20, 37‡,* | 30 | 20, 42†,* |
1st quintile | 10 | 5, 10‡,† | 8 | 8, 13‡,* | 11 | 8, 14†,* |
2nd quintile | 17 | 15, 17‡,† | 20 | 19, 20‡,* | 22 | 20, 27†,* |
3rd quintile | 23 | 23, 25‡,† | 27 | 26, 30‡,* | 31 | 30, 32†,* |
4th quintile | 30 | 30, 33‡,† | 36 | 32, 37‡,* | 40 | 37, 42†,* |
5th quintile | 43 | 37, 50‡,† | 50 | 43, 57‡,* | 55 | 50, 63†,* |
BMI (kg/m2) (%) | ||||||
<25 | 35·5 | 37·6* | 35·2* | |||
25–29·9 | 41·8 | 38·8 | 39·2 | |||
≥30 | 22·6† | 23·6 | 25·6† | |||
Leisure-time PA: inactive (%) | 18·7† | 19·8* | 22·6†,* | |||
Commuting PA: inactive (%) | 60·7‡,† | 64·9‡,* | 52·9†,* | |||
Work-related PA: inactive (%) | 55·3‡,† | 61·6‡ | 60·9† | |||
Smoker|| (%) | 17·3 | + | 15·9 | |||
Alcohol consumption¶ (g/d) (median (IQR1, IQR3)) | 4 | 1, 10† | 4 | 1, 10* | 3 | 1, 9†,* |
Vegetarian** (%) | 0·7† | 0·7* | 1·8†,* | |||
RPM consumption†† (g/d) (median (IQR1, IQR3)) | 128 | 85, 190‡,† | 119 | 79, 174‡,* | 96 | 61, 144†,* |
1st quintile | 56 | 38, 67‡,† | 51 | 34, 63‡,* | 37 | 22, 46†,* |
2nd quintile | 96 | 86, 103‡,† | 87 | 79, 95‡,* | 68 | 61, 75†,* |
3rd quintile | 129 | 121, 139‡,† | 119 | 111, 128‡,* | 96 | 89, 104†,* |
4th quintile | 175 | 162, 191‡,† | 159 | 148, 174‡,* | 132 | 121, 144†,* |
5th quintile | 269 | 233, 336‡,† | 244 | 216, 305‡,* | 204 | 178, 251†,* |
PA, physical activity; RPM, red and processed meat.
Statistically significant difference at P < 0·05 between 2012 and 2017.
Statistically significant difference at P < 0·05 between 2007 and 2017.
Statistically significant difference at P < 0·05 between 2007 and 2012.
Education level was categorised into tertiles according to birth years.
Regular smoker v. non-smoker/ex-smoker.
Measured as ethanol.
The group ‘vegetarians’ also includes possible vegans (before 2017) and vegans (2017).
The cut-off points for the lowest quintile were 76 (g/d) in 2007 and 54 (g/d) in 2017. The cut-off points for the highest quintile were 210 (g/d) in 2007 and 160 (g/d) in 2017.