Table 3.
Vegetarians (n 80) | Low-RPM† group (n 812) | High-RPM‡ group (n 888) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | |
RPM | 1780 | 11 | 10, 12§,|| | 34 | 32, 35¶,|| | 202 | 194, 210¶,§ |
Poultry** | 1780 | 2 | 1, 3§,|| | 22 | 20, 25¶,|| | 27 | 25, 29¶,§ |
Fish | 1780 | 11 | 9, 13§,|| | 41 | 38, 44¶ | 39 | 36, 41¶ |
Eggs | 1780 | 19 | 16, 23|| | 22 | 21, 24|| | 29 | 27, 31¶,§ |
Liquid dairy products | 1780 | 307 | 257, 366§ | 403 | 378, 429¶,|| | 305 | 288, 324§ |
Cheese | 1780 | 41 | 34, 49 | 42 | 39, 45|| | 33 | 31, 35§ |
Butter and butter-based fat spreads | 1780 | 6 | 5, 8|| | 7 | 7, 8|| | 9 | 9, 10¶,§ |
Vegetable margarine and oil | 1780 | 16 | 13, 19 | 16 | 15, 17|| | 14 | 13, 15§ |
FV | 1780 | 592 | 514, 681§,|| | 446 | 425, 468¶,|| | 307 | 292, 322¶,§ |
Legumes | 1780 | 41 | 34, 50§,|| | 10 | 10, 11¶ | 10 | 9, 10¶ |
Nuts and seeds | 1780 | 10 | 8, 13§,|| | 6 | 5, 6¶,|| | 2 | 2, 2¶,§ |
Cereal products | 1780 | 119 | 109, 131|| | 123 | 119, 127|| | 103 | 100, 106¶,§ |
Rye†† | 1772 | 29 | 23, 37 | 31 | 29, 34|| | 25 | 23, 27§ |
Sweets and chocolate | 1780 | 15 | 12, 18§,|| | 9 | 9, 10¶ | 9 | 8, 10¶ |
Sugary beverages | 1775 | 29 | 20, 40 | 21 | 19, 24|| | 37 | 33, 42§ |
FV, fruit and vegetables; RPM, red and processed meat.
Geometric means and 95 % CI for LG10 transformed and back-transformed food consumption variables, which were analysed with ANCOVA (Bonferroni corrections), adjusted for daily energy intake.
The lowest red and processed meat consumption quintile in the year 2017: cut-off point 54 g/d, excluding vegetarians.
The highest red and processed meat consumption quintile in the year 2017: cut-off point 160 g/d.
Statistically significant difference at level P < 0·05 with the low-RPM group.
Statistically significant difference at level P < 0·05 with the high-RPM group.
Statistically significant difference at level P < 0·05 with vegetarians.
Sex interaction.
Rye is the most important determinant of whole-grain intake in Finland.