FIGURE 3.
(A) Redundancy analysis (RDA) for ecological strategy spectra and biotic factors (blue arrows): stem abundance (Abun), species richness (SR), Shannon-Wiener index (SW). Symbols in different colors and shapes indicate species in different forest types: TF, tropical forest (red circles); SF, subtropical forest (yellow squares); WF, warm-temperate forest (green triangles); and CF, cold-temperate forest (blue diamonds). Ecological strategy group abbreviations (red arrows) are as follows: C, competitors; S, stress-tolerators; R, ruderals; and Int, Int-strategists. (B) Venn diagram showing variation partition analysis that partitions relative contributions of Abun, SR, and SW to ecological strategy spectra.