Figure 2.

Cytokine-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of FoxP3⁺ T cell populations. (A) Specific cytokine microenvironments can repolarize FoxP3⁺ T cells with variable effects on FoxP3 expression and Th cell-like phenotypes. (B) TGF-β, NRP-1, and ATRA signal to maintain Treg cell-type epigenetic patterns. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 can promote DNMT and HDAC activity to result in loss of Foxp3 gene expression and modulate PRC complexes to depress loci encoding inflammatory genes. TF, transcription factor.