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Fermentation supernatant-based adaptive laboratory evolution. (A) The process of ALE: RFM, regular fermentation medium; FS, fermentation supernatant; WT, C. cohnii ATCC 30556; FS280, C. cohnii FS280. (B) Cultivation with 30% (v/v) fermentation supernatant. (C) Cultivation with 60% (v/v) fermentation supernatant. (D) Cultivation with 90% (v/v) fermentation supernatant.
