Table 1.
Overview of the included studies' and subjects' characteristics.
| Study | Date | Study type | Context | Sample | Spine conditions | Spine segment | Imaging type | Seated position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoshida et al. | 2020 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 113 | Adult spinal deformity | Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Hey et al. | 2020 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 120 | Low back pain | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Zhao et al. | 2019 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 36 | Thoracolumbar kyphosis | Lumbar, sacral | EOS | Natural sitting |
| Janjua et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 20 | Thoracolumbar deformity | Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Zhu et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 44 | Idiopathic thoracic scoliosis | Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Chiu et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 28 | Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Hey et al. | 2017 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 70 | Low back pain | Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Hey et al. | 2017 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 58 | Low back pain | Lumbar, sacral | EOS | Natural sitting |
| Vaughn et al. | 2014 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 26 | Idiopathic scoliosis | Thoracic, Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Siddiqui et al. | 2005 | Observational clinical study | Perioperative imaging | 12 | Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis | Lumbar, sacral | MRI | Natural sitting |
| Zhou et al. | Ongoing | Clinical trial | Perioperative imaging | 200 | Adult degenerative scoliosis | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR, MRI | Natural sitting |
| Sun et al. | 2020 | Observational clinical study | Postoperative imaging | 63 | Lumbar degeneration | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Erect sitting |
| Nishida et al. | 2020 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 113 | Healthy | Global spinal alignment | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Maekawa et al. | 2019 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 253 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Berry et al. | 2019 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 13 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | MRI | Natural sitting, Seated right axial rotation, Seated left axial rotation |
| Chevilotte et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 15 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Upright sitting, Seated flexion |
| Suzuki et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 25 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Anteflexed sitting, Upright sitting |
| Moon et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 16 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Floor sitting, Kneel sitting |
| Alamin et al. | 2018 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 20 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Sitting on a kneeling chair, Sitting on a vertical angled chair, Sitting on a chair with back support, Sitting on a chair with anterior support, Sitting on stool, Cross leged sitting |
| Suzuki et al. | 2016 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 73 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Cho et al. | 2015 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 30 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Bae et al. | 2012 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 30 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Floor sitting |
| Endo et al. | 2012 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 16 | Healthy | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Baumgartner et al. | 2012 | Observational clinical study | Physiological imaging | 6 | Healthy | Global spinal alignment | MRI | Upright sitting, Reclined Sitting, Forward inclined sitting |
| Zhou et al. | 2021 | Observational clinical study | Non-surgical evaluation | 62 | Symptomatic spondylolisthesis (lumbar degeneration) | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Inoue et al. | 2021 | Observational clinical study | Non-surgical evaluation | 23 | Lumbar spondylosis | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Sielatycki et al. | 2021 | Observational clinical study | Non-surgical evaluation | 70 | Low back pain | Lumbar, sacral | Sitting XR | Natural sitting, Seated flexion |
| Kusakabe et al. | 2019 | Observational clinical study | Non-surgical evaluation | 108 | Spinal degeneration | Cervical | Sitting XR | Natural sitting |
| Rouissi et al. | 2016 | Imaging protocol | Non-surgical evaluation | 36 | Neuromuscular scoliosis | Lumbar, sacral | EOS | Natural sitting |
| Bouloussa et al. | 2015 | Imaging protocol | Non-surgical evaluation | 41 | Neuromuscular scoliosis | Lumbar, sacral | EOS | Natural sitting |
| Karadimas et al. | 2006 | Observational clinical study | Non-surgical evaluation | 30 | Low back pain | Lumbar, sacral | MRI | Natural sitting |