Table 2.
Lumbar Lordosis (LL), Sacral Slope (SS) and Pelvic Tilt (PT) in standing and sitting position, all values are expressed in (°).
| LL Stand. | LL Sit. | SS Stand. | SS Sit. | PT Stand. | PT Sit. | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36.2±12.1 | 0.7±26.3 (↓) | 35.8 ± 21.8 | 16.6± 9.38 (↓) | 14.4±7.27 | 65.17± 8.24 (↑) | Nishida et al. 2020 | ||
| Young adults | 49.3 ± 14.2 | 23.3 ± 13.4 (↓) | 34.6 ± 7.7 | 18.1 ± 10.1 (↓) | 19.7 ± 16.4 | 32.5 ± 12.7 (↑) | Maekawa et al. 2019 | |
| Middle aged | 40.8 ± 11.5 | 24.9 ± 16.2 (↓) | 31.3 ± 8.5 | 18.8 ± 10.1 (↓) | 22.2 ± 15.1 | 33.3 ± 14.0 (↑) | ||
| Elderly | 42.1 ± 14.1 | 27.1 ± 14.8 (↓) | 31.6 ± 8.9 | 20.1 ± 9.6 (↓) | 24.3 ± 15.8 | 33.2 ± 14.7 (↑) | ||
| 54.8 ± 9.8 | 15.9° ± 14.6 (↓) | 37.1 ± 6.3 | 11.3 ± 10.8 (↓) | 12.1± 6.3 | 37.7± 10.4 (↑) | Chevillote et al. 2018 | ||
| 31.9 ± 10.4 | 7.9 ± 10.8 (↓) | 35.9 ± 8.7 | 14.9 ± 11.7 (↓) | 7.7 ± 9.5 | 31.5 ± 8 (↑) | Suzuki et al. 2018 | ||
| Young adults | 31.3 ± 10.4 | 15.5 ± 10.1 (↓) | 36.4 ± 7.2 | 19.0 ± 9.7 (↓) | 10.3 ± 7.3 | 27.6± 10.5 (↑) | Suzuki et al. 2016 | |
| Elderly | 26.6 ± 12.8 | 16.0 ± 13.9 (↓) | 32.6 ± 8.6 | 21.2 ± 10.9 (↓) | 15.0 ± 7.3 | 27.5 ± 10.9 (↑) | ||
| 33.3 ± 11.2 | 16.7 ± 11.2 (↓) | 37.2 ± 7.1 | 18.5 ± 10.9 (↓) | 9.9 ± 7.4 | 28.2± 10.8 (↑) | Endo et al. 2012 | ||
| X | 24.7 ± 8.3 (↓) | X | X | X | X | Baumgartner et al. 2012 | ||
| Mean LL decrease | 56% ↓ | Mean SS decrease | 49% ↓ | Mean PT increase | 58% ↑ | |||