Table 4. Multiple Logistic Regression Model of Characteristics of Patients With ICH Comparing Odds of Neurologic Disability or Mortality After ICH in the Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke Study External Data Set for Variables Identified in the Final Multiple Logistic Regression Modela.
| Variable | Estimate (SE) | Odds ratio (95% CI)b | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Log of ICH volume | 0.86 (0.13) | 2.36 (1.83-3.03) | <.001 |
| ICH location | |||
| Brainstem | 0.65 (0.48) | 1.92 (0.75-4.90) | .17 |
| Cerebellum | −0.06 (0.41) | 0.94 (0.42-2.10) | .88 |
| Lobar | −1.51 (0.31) | 0.22 (0.12-0.40) | <.001 |
| Prestroke mRS score | 0.53 (0.11) | 1.69 (1.37-2.10) | <.001 |
| Admission GCS score | −0.41 (0.05) | 0.66 (0.60-0.73) | <.001 |
| Age, per 1-y increase | 0.04 (0.01) | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | <.001 |
| Presence of infection | 0.55 (0.26) | 1.73 (1.05-2.86) | .03 |
| Treatment required | |||
| ICP treatment | 1.31 (0.56) | 3.71 (1.24-11.11) | .02 |
| Tracheostomyc | 13.39 (863.2) | NA | .99 |
| Intraventricular drain | 1.39 (0.55) | 4.02 (1.36-11.87) | .01 |
| IVH score (used in place of total Graeb score) | 0.04 (0.03) | 1.05 (0.99-1.10) | .11 |
| Female sex | −0.03 (0.24) | 0.97 (0.61-1.54) | .90 |
| Prior use of α-2 adrenergic | 0.43 (0.44) | 1.54 (0.65-3.66) | .33 |
| Total van Swieten score | 0.23 (0.13) | 1.26 (0.97-1.63) | .09 |
| Medical history | |||
| Alzheimer or dementia | 0.07 (0.39) | 1.07 (0.50-2.28) | .85 |
| Migraine | −0.99 (0.82) | 0.37 (0.07-1.85) | .23 |
| Ischemic stroke | −0.45 (0.34) | 0.64 (0.33-1.24) | .18 |
| Diabetes | 0.23 (0.26) | 1.26 (0.76-2.10) | .37 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 1.14 (0.62) | 3.11 (0.92-10.52) | .07 |
| ICH | 0.44 (0.52) | 1.56 (0.56-4.30) | .39 |
| Hypertension | −0.28 (0.29) | 0.76 (0.43-1.34) | .34 |
| Total atrophy score | 0.07 (0.14) | 1.07 (0.81-1.41) | .63 |
| Clinical seizure | 0.27 (0.47) | 1.31 (0.53-3.28) | .56 |
| Prior use of anticoagulants | 0.38 (0.27) | 1.46 (0.85-2.49) | .17 |
Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GERFHS, Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP, intracranial pressure; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NA, not applicable; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
a
GERFHS model area under the ROC curve C = 0.935; The corresponding C statistic for the original ERICH model was C = 0.882. Data on hematoma expansion were not available from the GERFHS study.
b
Odds ratios were computed for a change of 1 unit for continuous variables. Analyses includes patients who had withdrawal of care.
c
Given the rarity of tracheostomy and the magnitude of the estimate and SE, the corresponding odds ratio and 95% CI are unestimable.