Table 2.

Between Group Differences and Effect Size for Pain, Functional Disability, BME, Lumbar ROM and Quality of Life

Variables	Exp Group Mean ± SD	RPT Group Mean ± SD	Mean Difference Mean ± SD	Effect Size (95% CI)	P-value
VAS (0–10)	2.56 ± 1.05	3.63 ± 0.94	1.07 ± 0.32	1.07 (0.53–1.61)	< 0.001*
ODI (0–100)	16.56 ± 4.95	22.20 ± 6.41	5.65 ± 1.48	0.98 (0.45–1.52)	< 0.001*
BME (sec.)	59.46 ± 27.24	45.53 ± 16.88	13.93 ± 5.85	0.61 (0.09–1.13)	0.002*
ROM (Flex)	6.92 ± 0.90	4.30 ± 1.20	2.62 ± 0.27	2.47 (1.79–3.14)	< 0.001*
ROM (Ext.)	3.53 ± 1.35	2.57 ± 0.78	0.96 ± 0.28	0.87 (0.34–1.40)	< 0.001*
SF-36-PF	59.00 ± 7.81	53.87 ± 17.44	5.13 ± 3.49	0.38(−0.13–0.89)	0.154
SF-36-RP	64.27 ± 9.45	58.50 ± 9.09	5.77 ± 2.39	0.622 (0.10–1.14)	0.019*
SF-36-BP	52.50 ± 9.98	46.17 ± 9.54	6.33 ± 2.52	0.649 (0.13–1.16)	0.016*
SF-36-GH	31.87 ± 8.71	32.07 ± 7.18	0.20 ± 2.06	0.025(−0.48–0.53)	0.923
SF-36-VT	53.72 ± 17.07	48.33 ± 13.94	5.39 ± 4.02	0.346(−0.16–0.85)	0.333
SF-36-SF	56.50 ± 8.44	54.83 ± 9.96	1.67 ± 2.38	0.181(−0.32–0.68)	0.469
SF-36-RE	55.17 ± 7.48	57.17 ± 7.48	1.70 ± 1.99	0.22(−0.28–0.72)	0.310
SF-36-MH	59.33 ± 10.97	57.33 ± 15.87	2.00 ± 3.52	0.147(−0.36–0.65)	0.573

RPT Routine Physical Therapy, VAS Visual analogue scale, ODI Oswestry disability index, BME Back muscle endurance, ROM Range of motion, Flex Flexion, Ext. Extension, SF-36 Short Form 36 item survey, PF Physical Functioning, RP Role Limitation due to Physical Problems, BP Bodily Pain, GH General Health, VT Vitality, SF Social functioning, RE Role limitation due to Emotional Problems, MH Mental health

P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant (*)