Table 2.
Factors Associated with Behavioral Progression, Intestinal Resection, and Hospitalization
| Factor | Risk of behavioral progression (n=339) | Risk of intestinal resection (n=418) |
Risk of hospitalization (n=418) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)† |
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ |
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)§ |
|||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | Not included | Reference | Not included | Reference | Not included | ||
| Female | 0.81 (0.51–1.29) | 0.92 (0.59–1.43) | 1.01 (0.74–1.38) | |||||
| Age at diagnosis, yr | ||||||||
| ≤16 (A1) | Reference | Not included | Reference | Not included | Reference | Not included | ||
| 17–40 (A2) | 1.29 (0.76–2.21) | 1.29 (0.72–2.31) | 0.76 (0.53–1.09) | |||||
| >40 (A3) | 0.64 (0.24–1.75) | 1.39 (0.61–3.18) | 0.67 (0.37–1.19) | |||||
| Symptom onset to diagnosis, (per mo) |
1.00 (1.00–1.01) | Not included | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | Not included | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | ||
| Cohort | ||||||||
| 1986–2003 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2004–2015 | 0.53 (0.36–0.79) | 0.54 (0.37–0.81)* | 0.55 (0.37–0.81) | 0.51 (0.35–0.76)* | 0.55 (0.42–0.73) | 0.57 (0.43–0.75)* | ||
| Current smoking at diagnosis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Not included | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.34 (0.89–2.03) | 1.56 (1.07–2.28) | 1.31 (0.89–1.94) | 1.41 (1.07–1.87) | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | |||
| Family history of IBD | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Not included | Reference | Not included | ||
| Yes | 1.71 (0.94–3.12) | 1.68 (0.92–3.06) | 1.28 (0.68–2.38) | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | ||||
| Disease location at diagnosis | ||||||||
| Colon (L2) | Reference | Not included | Reference | Reference | Reference | Not included | ||
| Ileum (L1) | 2.04 (0.85–4.90) | 6.08 (2.16–17.14) | 4.17 (1.43–12.20)* | 1.36 (0.80–2.31) | ||||
| Ileocolon (L3) | 2.08 (0.96–4.51) | 2.94 (1.07–8.08) | 4.04 (1.44–11.34)* | 1.04 (0.63–1.69) | ||||
| Upper GI involvement (L4) | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Not included | ||
| Yes | 0.58 (0.34–1.01) | 0.59 (0.34–1.02) | 0.53 (0.30–0.93) | 0.61 (0.35–1.08) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | |||
| Disease behavior at diagnosis | ||||||||
| Nonstricturing, nonpenetrating (B1) | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Stricturing (B2) | - | - | 3.05 (1.78–5.26) | 2.70 (1.55–4.71)* | 2.28 (1.53–3.39) | 2.18 (1.46–3.27)* | ||
| Penetrating (B3) | - | - | 11.87 (7.76–18.18) | 11.15 (6.91–17.97)* | 6.48 (4.48–9.37) | 6.00 (4.07–8.82)* | ||
| Perianal fistula before or at diagnosis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Not included | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.77–1.65) | 0.63 (0.43–0.93) | 0.82 (0.55–1.23) | 0.73 (0.55–0.96) | 0.80 (0.60–1.06) | |||
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; GI, gastrointestinal.
*p<0.05; †Model included the following covariates: cohort (1986–2003 or 2004–2015), family history of IBD, and upper GI involvement; ‡Model included the following covariates: cohort (1986–2003 or 2004–2015), current smoking at diagnosis, disease location at diagnosis, upper GI involvement, disease behavior at diagnosis, and perianal fistula at or before diagnosis; §Model included the following covariates: symptom onset to diagnosis, cohort (1986–2003 or 2004–2015), current smoking at diagnosis, disease behavior at diagnosis, and perianal fistula at or before diagnosis.