Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Variable | Subjects without NAFLD (n=2,987, 62.4%) |
Obese subjects with NAFLD (n=1,274, 26.6%) |
Lean subjects with NAFLD (n=525, 11.0%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age, yr | 56.6±11.7 | 58.2±10.6† | 60.5±10.8†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 924 (30.9) | 513 (40.3)† | 303 (57.7)†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 77.4±7.0 | 91.9±6.4† | 85.4±6.1†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.3±2.2 | 27.5±2.2† | 23.7±1.1†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118.4±17.6 | 125.8±16.4† | 124.8±17.0† | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73.8±10.0 | 78.7±10.0† | 76.6±10.5†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 824 (27.6) | 684 (53.7)† | 251 (47.8)† | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 541 (18.1) | 942 (73.9)† | 377 (71.8)† | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 153 (5.1) | 291 (22.8)† | 171 (32.6)†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 365 (12.2) | 184 (14.4) | 118 (22.5)†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Central obesity | 710 (23.8) | 1,090 (85.6)† | 242 (11.8)†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 337 (11.3) | 1,274 (100)† | 0†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Exercise | 472 (15.8) | 191 (15.0) | 64 (12.2) | 0.046 |
| Laboratory variables | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 93.8±12.7 | 108.3±28.7† | 117.3±40.6†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Insulin, µIU/mL* | 8.6±3.2 | 12.6±5.8† | 10.9±5.8†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance* | 2.0±0.9 | 3.4±2.0† | 3.1±2.0†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 191.2±34.5 | 202.4±37.5† | 199.4±38.0† | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL* | 104.3±54.6 | 175.2±95.7† | 219.4±128.4†,‡ | <0.001 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL* | 54.5±12.4 | 47.0±10.5† | 43.9±9.6†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL* | 119.8±30.7 | 125.8±34.0† | 119.0±34.2† | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8±0.2 | 0.9±0.2† | 0.9±0.2‡ | <0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.8±15.4 | 86.1±16.1† | 85.1±14.8‡ | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L* | 20.7±6.8 | 25.0±11.5† | 25.4±10.8†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L* | 16.7±7.4 | 28.0±18.8† | 29.6±18.2‡ | <0.001 |
| Platelet count, 109/L* | 255.2±58.7 | 257.4±58.9 | 251.5±25.5 | 0.950 |
| Gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase, IU/L* | 24.0±41.9 | 39.6±44.4† | 50.6±69.2†,‡ | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria | 28 (1.0) | 36 (2.9)† | 17 (3.3)† | <0.001 |
| Liver steatosis | ||||
| Comprehensive NAFLD score | 13.7±11.5 | 73.4±17.2† | 59.4±14.6†,‡ | <0.001 |
| NAFLD liver fat score | 16.1±12.3 | 56.1±19.4† | 44.2±16.9†,‡ | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (%).
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
*Log-transformed; †p<0.05 by post hoc analyses compared without NAFLD; ‡p<0.05 by post hoc analyses compared with obese NAFLD.