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. 2022 Feb 28;13:846753. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846753

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Copyright © 2022 Farroni, Picchianti-Diamanti, Aiello, Nicastri, Laganà, Agrati, Castilletti, Meschi, Colavita, Cuzzi, Casetti, Grassi, Petrone, Vanini, Salmi, Repele, Altera, Maffongelli, Corpolongo, Salemi, Di Rosa, Nalli, Sesti, Vaia, Puro and Goletti

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Evaluation of memory B-cell phenotype of RA patients by flow cytometry. Frequency of memory B cells of HCWs (n = 7) and RA patients (n = 13) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Within RA patients, 5 subjects were treated with TNF-α inhibitors and 8 with CTLA-4-Ig. Frequency of (A) memory B cells (CD27⁺CD38^-), subdivided also as (B) unswitched memory B cells (CD27⁺IgD⁺) and (C) switched memory B cells, is shown. Within the switched memory B cells, CD27⁺IgG⁺IgM^-, CD27⁺IgG^-IgM⁺, and CD27⁺IgG^-IgM^- cells were included. Values are reported as percentage of total CD19⁺CD45⁺ B cells. Each dot represents an individual, and the red horizontal line represents medians. Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction (p ≤ 0.025) was used for the statistical analysis. RA, rheumatoid arthritis; HCWs, health care workers.