Table 7.
Associations between patient-related parameters and psychotropic drug treatment If value 1 is not included in the 95% confidence interval, a significant association is indicated (p < 0.05); these results are printed in bold. 95% Confidence interval (lower boundary, upper boundary)
| Parameters | Antipsychotics (N05A) OR (CI 95%) | Antidepressants (N06A) OR (CI 95%) | Sedatives (=antipsychotic + anxiolytic + hypnotic drugs) OR (CI 95%) | Pain medication (=N02A+N02B) OR (CI 95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | male | 0.97 (0.51-1.85) | 0.86 (0.45-1.67) | 0.94 (0.51-1.75) | 0.49 (0.19-1.22) |
| female | Reference | ||||
| Place of living | LTC | 1.94 (0.96-3.93) | 0.94 (0.47-1.90) | 1.63 (0.83-3.18) | 3.32 (1.18-9.37) |
| HC | Reference | ||||
| Dementia onset | LOD | 1.01 (0.37-2.82) | 1.07 (0.37-3.08) | 0.74 (0.28-1.98) | 0.81 (0.21-3.14) |
| YOD | Reference | ||||
| Dementia etiology | FTLD | 0.35 (0.15-0.83) | 1.15 (0.52-2.54) | 0.38 (0.17-0.86) | 0.98 (0.33-2.22) |
| Others | 1.01 (0.35-2.90) | 2.91 (1.04-8.16) | 1.23 (0.45-3.39) | 0.34 (0.06-1.89) | |
| AD | Reference | ||||
| CDR (sum of boxes) | 1.28 (0.87-1.88) | 0.72 (0.51-1.03) | 1.08 (0.76-1.53) | 1.14 (0.60-2.18) | |
| QUALID | 1.03 (0.97-1.10) | 1.03 (0.97-1.10) | 1.04 (0.97-1.10) | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | |
| PAINAD | 1.04 (0.85-1.27) | 0.96 (0.79-1.17) | 0.99 (0.82-1.20) | 1.25 (0.98-1.60) | |
| Barthel-Index | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) | |
| NPI total | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | 0.99 (0.96-1.01) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | 0.98 (0.95-1,02) | |
| EOLD SM total | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 0.94 (0.89-1.00) | 1.04 (0.99-1.09) | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | |
| Age* | 0.78 (0.49-1.25) | 0.68 (0.41-1.11) | 0.84 (0.53-1.32) | 1.21 (0.64-2.29) |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, CI Confidence Interval, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating scale, EOLD-SM End of life in dementia: Symptom-Management, FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration, LOD late onset dementia, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, OR odds ratio, PAINAD Pain Assessment in Dementia, QUALID Quality of life in late stage dementia, YOD young onset dementia; *age was entered into the model with a multiplication factor of 0.1