Fig. 5.

B. breve MCC1274 supplementation decreases the Iba1 protein level and increases synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus, whereas it has no effect on cell proliferation in the DG of the hippocampus. A) Protein levels of GFAP, Iba1, SYT, PSD95, and actin in the hippocampus were determined by western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry, normalized to actin level, and expressed as a value relative to the control. IL-6 and IL-1β, and TFG-β1 mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus (B) and cortex (C) were assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. Each mRNA expression was normalized to the corresponding amount of GAPDH mRNA. D) Brain sections were stained with the anti-BrdU antibody (green) and cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) in DG in the hippocampus (left panel). The number of BrdU⁺ cells in the SGZ of DG (right panel). Data are expressed as the mean±SD, n = 6-7, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group n.s., no significant difference as determined by Student’s t-test.