Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables
|
Time 1
(N=1,087) |
Time 2
(N=1,083) |
Time 3
(N=1,057) |
Time 4
(N=1,060) |
Time 5
(N=1,061) |
Time 6
(N=1,056) |
Time 7
(N=1,042) |
Time 8
(N=1,031) |
Time 9
(N=1,004) |
Time10
(N=962) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | M/% | (SD) | |
| Age | 17.1 | (1.1) | 17.6 | (1.1) | 18.0 | (1.1) | 18.5 | (1.1) | 19.0 | (1.1) | 19.5 | (1.1) | 20.5 | (1.1) | 21.5 | (1.1) | 22.5 | (1.1) | 23.5 | (1.1) |
| Gun violence | 6.0% | 5.6% | 4.5% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.0% | 5.1% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 2.7% | ||||||||||
| Gun carrying only | 6.8% | 6.9% | 8.9% | 8.8% | 7.2% | 7.6% | 10.6% | 10.7% | 8.2% | 6.0% | ||||||||||
| Risk factors | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-gun serious violence | 22.9% | 18.6% | 15.2% | 13.8% | 9.8% | 10.3% | 13.3% | 10.1% | 9.5% | 8.0% | ||||||||||
| Drug dealing | 16.3% | 16.8% | 16.1% | 17.0% | 13.6% | 15.0% | 18.4% | 16.9% | 17.0% | 15.4% | ||||||||||
| Gang membership | 13.9% | 12.4% | 11.5% | 11.0% | 10.1% | 9.3% | 8.7% | 7.6% | 7.2% | 6.6% | ||||||||||
| Regular heavy drinking | 11.9% | 13.7% | 15.8% | 16.1% | 15.9% | 18.9% | 21.6% | 22.1% | 25.2% | 27.6% | ||||||||||
| Poor impulse control | 3.1 | (0.9) | 3.2 | (0.9) | 3.2 | (1.0) | 3.0 | (0.9) | 3.2 | (0.9) | 3.2 | (1.0) | 3.3 | (1.0) | 3.2 | (1.0) | 3.3 | (1.0) | 3.3 | (1.0) |
| Personal rewards of crime | 2.4 | (2.5) | 2.3 | (2.4) | 2.1 | (2.4) | 2.1 | (2.4) | 1.9 | (2.3) | 1.8 | (2.3) | 1.6 | (2.2) | 1.7 | (2.3) | 1.6 | (2.2) | 1.6 | (2.3) |
| Peer gun carrying | 2.0 | (1.3) | 1.9 | (1.2) | 1.9 | (1.2) | 1.8 | (1.2) | 1.8 | (1.1) | 1.7 | (1.1) | 1.8 | (1.1) | 1.8 | (1.1) | 1.8 | (1.1) | 1.7 | (1.0) |
| Peer non-gun delinquency | 1.9 | (0.9) | 1.8 | (0.8) | 1.7 | (0.8) | 1.7 | (0.8) | 1.6 | (0.7) | 1.5 | (0.7) | 1.6 | (0.8) | 1.6 | (0.7) | 1.5 | (0.7) | 1.5 | (0.7) |
| Exposure to violence | 1.2 | (1.6) | 1.1 | (1.5) | 1.1 | (1.5) | 0.9 | (1.4) | 0.9 | (1.3) | 0.8 | (1.3) | 1.1 | (1.6) | 1.0 | (1.6) | 0.9 | (1.4) | 0.9 | (1.4) |
| Neighborhood disorder | 2.3 | (0.9) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.4 | (0.8) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.3 | (0.8) | 2.2 | (0.8) | 2.2 | (0.8) |
| Protective factors | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Concern for others | 3.5 | (0.9) | 3.5 | (0.8) | 3.5 | (0.9) | 3.6 | (0.8) | 3.6 | (0.8) | 3.6 | (0.8) | 3.7 | (0.8) | 3.8 | (0.8) | 3.8 | (0.8) | 3.7 | (0.8) |
| Expectations for work/family | 3.8 | (0.8) | 3.9 | (0.8) | 3.9 | (0.8) | 3.9 | (0.9) | 3.9 | (0.9) | 3.9 | (0.9) | 4.0 | (0.9) | 4.0 | (0.9) | 4.1 | (0.8) | 4.0 | (0.8) |
| Aspirations for work/family | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.7 | (0.5) | 4.8 | (0.4) | 4.8 | (0.4) | 4.8 | (0.4) | 4.8 | (0.4) |
| Religious beliefs | 3.1 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) | 3.1 | (1.3) | 3.0 | (1.3) |
| Strong adult social support | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No adult supports | 19.6% | 22.5% | 22.0% | 25.0% | 29.3% | 30.0% | 29.1% | 28.1% | 35.4% | 38.5% | ||||||||||
| One adult support | 69.8% | 69.6% | 71.2% | 69.1% | 63.9% | 63.7% | 66.4% | 66.0% | 60.2% | 56.4% | ||||||||||
| Two adult supports | 10.6% | 7.9% | 6.8% | 5.9% | 6.8% | 6.3% | 4.5% | 5.9% | 4.4% | 5.1% | ||||||||||
| Time in Secure Facility | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Entire recall period | 18.7% | 17.0% | 13.9% | 13.2% | 13.8% | 14.8% | 8.6% | 7.7% | 6.5% | 10.1% | ||||||||||
| Part of recall period | 50.7% | 47.6% | 40.2% | 40.7% | 36.4% | 36.3% | 45.7% | 46.0% | 43.5% | 42.6% | ||||||||||
| Street months | 3.6 | (2.5) | 3.8 | (2.4) | 4.3 | (2.2) | 4.4 | (2.3) | 4.6 | (2.2) | 4.7 | (2.1) | 8.9 | (4.4) | 8.8 | (4.4) | 8.8 | (4.6) | 8.7 | (4.5) |