Table 3.

HR for cancers in patients with and without gout (controls) after adjusting for covariates

Variable	Crude HR	95% CI	p value	Adjusted HRa	95% CI	p value
Overall cancers	1.082	1.059–1.105	< 0.01	1.053	1.031–1.077	< 0.01b
Head and neck cancer	1.056	0.887–1.258	0.54	1.022	0.854–1.223	0.81
Esophageal cancer	1.415	1.121–1.786	< 0.01	1.387	1.093–1.759	< 0.01b
Stomach cancer	1.121	1.051–1.195	< 0.01	1.103	1.032–1.178	< 0.01b
Colon cancer	1.139	1.068–1.215	< 0.01	1.113	1.042–1.189	< 0.01b
Liver cancer	1.137	1.067–1.212	< 0.01	1.110	1.040–1.185	< 0.01b
Pancreatic cancer	1.170	1.058–1.292	< 0.01	1.172	1.058–1.298	< 0.01b
Lung cancer	1.099	1.024–1.179	< 0.01	1.075	1.000–1.156	< 0.05b
Skin cancer	0.838	0.589–1.191	0.32	0.756	0.524–1.093	0.14
Breast cancer	1.047	0.903–1.213	0.54	1.035	0.890–1.203	0.66
Cervical cancer	0.830	0.609–1.132	0.24	0.742	0.535–1.028	0.07
Endometrial cancer	1.398	0.961–2.032	0.08	1.380	0.941–2.024	0.10
Ovarian cancer	1.534	1.194–1.971	< 0.01	1.601	1.242–2.064	< 0.01b
Renal cancer	1.413	1.233–1.620	< 0.01	1.276	1.108–1.470	< 0.01b
Prostate cancer	0.911	0.867–0.957	< 0.01	0.882	0.838–0.929	< 0.01b
Bladder cancer	1.180	1.044–1.334	< 0.01	1.147	1.012–1.300	< 0.05b
Thyroid cancer	1.084	0.999–1.177	0.05	1.074	0.987–1.168	0.09
Lymphoma	1.070	0.883–1.298	0.49	1.029	0.844–1.255	0.78
Leukemia	0.989	0.804–1.217	0.92	0.960	0.776–1.188	0.71

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for concomitant hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, renal failure, ischemic heart disorder, and cerebrovascular disorder.

^bp < 0.05.