Table 5.
Standardized regression coefficients with leave-one-out residuals as metric of reserve
| Neuropsychiatric & Neuropsychological Tests | Leave-one-out residuals for episodic memory |
Leave-one-out residuals for executive functioning |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | T | p2 | 95% CI |
β | T | p2 | 95% CI |
|||
| Lower Bound | Upper Bound | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||
| TMT Part A1 | 0.45 | 4.51 | <0.01 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 0.44 | 4.37 | <0.01 | 0.24 | 0.64 |
| TMT Part B1 | 0.37 | 3.59 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 0.58 | – | – | – | – | – |
| NAB List Learning Long Delay Recall | – | – | – | – | – | 0.37 | 3.54 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.58 |
| COWAT | 0.22 | 2.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 1.62 | 0.22 | −0.04 | 0.40 |
| Animal Fluency | 0.39 | 3.75 | <0.01 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.50 | −0.13 | 0.31 |
| BRIEF-A BRI | −0.15 | −1.33 | 0.23 | −0.37 | 0.07 | −0.07 | −0.64 | 0.53 | −0.29 | 0.15 |
| BDI-II | −0.12 | −1.04 | 0.30 | −0.34 | 0.11 | −0.14 | −1.30 | 0.30 | −0.37 | 0.08 |
TMT, Trail Making Test; NAB, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; BRIEF-A BRI, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning – Adult Version Behavioral Regulation Index; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II.
1
TMT Parts A and B were reverse coded to correct directionality (i.e., lower scores represented worse performance)
2
Statistical significance was defined by a false discovery rate adjusted p-value <0.05. Age, racial identity, CHII, and APOE genotype were included as covariates.