TABLE 1.

ICU Team of the Future Functioning Within a Learning Healthcare System

Workplace Challenges for the ICU Team
Complex Patients	Complex Environment	Complex Therapies
Complex chronic comorbidities	Increasing technology	Closed-loop titration systems
Chronic invasive devices	Expanding documentation	Inflammatory response manipulation
Out-of-hospital monitoring	Risk of information overload	Stress response modulation
Compromised immune status	Challenges of continuity	Maintaining patient participation
Bimodal extended life span	Danger of alarm fatigue	Monitoring expected trajectory
Increased illness severity	Ensuring adequate handoff	New therapies to minimize postintensive care syndrome
	Telehealth from the ICU	Addressing patient, family, and clinicians
	Diurnal rhythm
	Workforce shortages
	Rising cost of healthcare
Intercalated Elements of a Learning Healthcare System
Patient Care	Shared Education	Clinical Research
Multidisciplinary	Just-in-time simulation	Links to national databases
Patient- and family-centered	Frequent debriefing sessions	Continuous QI
Evidence-based	Joint case reviews	All patients potential research subjects
Ultrasonography proficiency	Burnout risk awareness	Dashboards for QI activity
Holistic and humanistic	Monitoring of provider competency
Characteristics of the ICU Team of the Future
Individual	Team	Administration
Enjoys out-of-box challenges	Promotes situational awareness	Provides adequate staffing
Nurtures resilience	Encourages team members	Supports multifaceted QI
Engages in nonwork renewal	Encourages family as part of ICU team	Seeks suggestions for improvement
Values humanism in care	Avoids wasteful practices	Maintains awareness of front line
Practices personal wellness	Practices cross-training	Monitors staff turnover
Has ICU personality	Has multiprofessional and collaborative members	Facilitates/funds national networking
	Provides patient and family support and comfort	Offers lifestyle improvement perks

QI = quality improvement.