Table 2.
Registries Evaluating the Prevalence of Myocarditis, Other Myocardial Involvement, and Pericardial Involvement in Athletes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
| Registry | Competition Level | Sample Size | CMR Strategy | Age, Mean Years | Sex, % Female) | Symptomatic, n (%) | Myocarditis or Pericarditis, n (%) | Additional Observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Martinez et al69 (Online March 4, 2021) | Professional | 789 | Selective, based on abnormal triad testing, (N = 30, 4%) | 25 | 2% | 460 (58%) | Myocarditis: 3 (0.4%) Pericarditis: 2 (0.3%) |
Abnormal ECG: 9 (1%) Abnormal cTn: 6 (0.8%) Abnormal echocardiogram: 19 (2%) Any CMR abnormality: 5/30 (17%) |
| Moulson et al43 (Online April 17, 2021) | Collegiate (Total N = 3,018) | 2,820 | Selective, based on symptoms or abnormal triad testing, (N = 119, 4.2%) | 20 | 32% | 2,022 (67%) | Myocarditis: 12 (0.4%) Pericarditis: 3 (0.1%) |
Abnormal ECG: 12 (0.4%) Abnormal cTn: 9 (0.3%) Abnormal echocardiogram: 15 (0.5%) Any CMR abnormality: 15/119 (13%) |
| 198 | Nonselective, all athletes | NA | NA | 62 (31%)∗ | Myocardial involvement:† 6 (3%) | Definite or probable myocardial involvement:† 3 (2%) | ||
| Daniels et al68 (Online May 27, 2021) | Collegiate | 1,597 | All athletes | NA | 40% | NA | Myocarditis:‡ 37 (2%) Pericarditis: 0 (0%) |
Clinical myocarditis: 9 (0.6%) |
CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; cTn = cardiac troponin; ECG = electrocardiogram; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NA = not available.
N = 62 with moderate COVID-19 symptoms or abnormal baseline cardiac testing.
Myocardial involvement defined as: 1) definite: T1 abnormality + LGE and T2 abnormality, or T2 abnormality + additional supportive criteria (LVEF ≤45%, pericardial effusion or enhancement, or cTn level above the 99th percentile upper reference limit); 2) probable: T1 abnormality + LGE and 1 or more supportive criterion; or 3) possible: isolated T1 abnormality or LGE.
Myocarditis defined as clinical or subclinical (CMR-defined myocardial inflammation in the absence of symptoms suggestive of clinical myocarditis and elevated cTn).