Table 1.
Demographic and clinical profile of patients at baseline
| Variable | Total, n (%) | Discharge, n (%) | Death, n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (n=2017), mean (SD) | 47.4 (17.6) | 44.8 (17.2) | 57.5 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| Days of hospital stay (n=2017), median (IQR) | 7 (5-11) | 8 (5-11) | 7 (3-12) | 0.022 |
| Sex (n=2017) | ||||
| Female | 697 (34.6) | 565 (35.1) | 132 (32.5) | 0·333 |
| Male | 1320 (65.4) | 1046 (64.9) | 274 (67.5) | |
| Primary indication for admission (n=1862) | ||||
| COVID | 1748 (93.8) | 1369 (94.0) | 379 (93.4) | 0·203 |
| Mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 | 15 (0.8) | 14 (1) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Non-COVID | 99 (5.3) | 73 (5) | 26 (6.4) | |
| COVID symptoms at baseline (n=2004) | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 125 (6.2) | 118 (7.4) | 7 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Symptomatic | 1879 (93.8) | 1482 (92.6) | 397 (98.3) | |
| Among symptomatic - Time to admission (1867) | ||||
| Week 1 | 1183 (63.4) | 941 (63.9) | 242 (61.3) | 0.002 |
| Week 2 | 603 (32.3) | 480 (32.6) | 123 (31.1) | |
| Week 3 or more | 81 (4.3) | 51 (3.5) | 30 (7.6) | |
| Vaccine protection (n=1818) | ||||
| Not vaccinated | 1314 (72.3) | 1020 (71.2) | 294 (76.4) | 0.037 |
| Symptoms <2 weeks of dose 1 | 215 (11.8) | 173 (12.1) | 42 (10.9) | |
| Partially vaccinated | 258 (14.2) | 210 (14.7) | 48 (12.5) | |
| Fully vaccinated | 31 (1.7) | 30 (2.1) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Symptoms (n=1794) | ||||
| Fever | 1371 (76.4) | 1084 (77.6) | 287 (72.3) | 0.028 |
| Breathlessness | 910 (50.7) | 625 (44.7) | 285 (71.8) | <0.001 |
| Dry cough | 945 (52.7) | 725 (51.9) | 220 (55.4) | 0.215 |
| Cough with expectoration | 214 (11.9) | 168 (12) | 46 (11.6) | 0.812 |
| Rhinitis | 75 (4.2) | 65 (4.7) | 10 (2.5) | 0.061 |
| Sore throat | 335 (18.7) | 282 (20.2) | 53 (13.4) | 0.002 |
| Fatigue | 293 (16.3) | 241 (17.3) | 52 (13.1) | 0.048 |
| Myalgia | 338 (18.8) | 282 (20.2) | 56 (14.1) | 0.006 |
| Chest pain | 134 (7.5) | 114 (8.2) | 20 (5) | 0.037 |
| Gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) | 220 (12.3) | 199 (14.2) | 21 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Drowsiness | 17 (1) | 9 (0.6) | 8 (2) | 0.013 |
| Loss of smell | 148 (8.3) | 131 (9.4) | 17 (4.3) | 0.001 |
| Loss of taste | 149 (8.3) | 139 (10) | 10 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity status (n=1873) | n=1873 | |||
| Any comorbidity | 978 (52.2) | 715 (48.6) | 263 (65.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 comorbidity | 615 (32.8) | 470 (32) | 145 (36) | <0.001 |
| ≥2 comorbidities | 363 (19.4) | 245 (16.7) | 118 (29.3) | |
| Hypertension | 457 (24.4) | 329 (22.4) | 128 (31.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 437 (23.3) | 308 (21) | 129 (32) | <0.001 |
| CAD | 96 (5.1) | 62 (4.2) | 34 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| Neurological | 29 (1.6) | 25 (1.7) | 4 (1) | 0.308 |
| CLD | 5 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.934 |
| Malignancy | 102 (5.5) | 75 (5.1) | 27 (6.7) | 0.211 |
| Asthma/COPD | 54 (2.9) | 36 (2.5) | 18 (4.5) | 0.032 |
| Hematological | 13 (0.7) | 9 (0.6) | 4 (1) | 0.495 |
| CKD | 25 (1.3) | 15 (1) | 10 (2.5) | 0.024 |
| Hypothyroid | 86 (4.6) | 63 (4.3) | 23 (5.7) | 0.227 |
| Temperature at baseline (n=1611) | ||||
| Febrile at baseline | 15 (0.9) | 14 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0.186 |
| Heart rate at baseline (n=1704) | ||||
| Tachycardia at baseline | 801 (47) | 604 (44.1) | 197 (59) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate at baseline (n=1679) | ||||
| Tachypnea at baseline | 335 (20) | 222 (16.4) | 113 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen status at presentation (n=1819) | ||||
| On oxygen | 415 (22.8) | 244 (17.1) | 171 (43.3) | <0.001 |
| On room air | 1404 (77.2) | 1180 (82.9) | 224 (56.7) | |
| Baseline COVID severity (n=1801) | ||||
| Asymptomatic_no hypoxia | 100 (5.6) | 99 (7.0) | 1 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Mild (symptomatic_no hypoxia) | 599 (33.3) | 571 (40.6) | 28 (7.1) | |
| Moderate (SpO2 ≥94%/COVID-19 pneumonia/breathlessness) | 249 (13.8) | 224 (15.9) | 25 (6.4) | |
| Severe (hypoxic-SpO2 <94%/COVID-19 ARDS) | 853 (47.4) | 513 (36.5) | 340 (86.3) |
SD: Standard deviation, IQR: Interquartile range, CLD: Chronic liver disease, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD: Chronic kidney disease, SpO2: Oxygen saturation, ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, CAD: Coronary artery disease