Table 7.
Cytotoxicity (LC50 in mg/ml) and selectivity index (SI) of plant extracts and selectivity index against Vero kidney and Caco-2 cells.
Plant species | Extracts | Selectivity index | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vero cells | Caco-2 cells | ||||||||||||||||||||
LC50 | Sa | Ef | Se | Sg | Ec (T) | Ec (iso) | Cc | Cj | Average | LC50 | Sa | Ef | Se | Sg | Ec (T) | Ec (iso) | Cc | Cj | Average | ||
A. laxiflora | Acetone | 0.026 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.026 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.17 |
Cold water | 0.709 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 0.57 | 0.28 | 26.33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 3.61 | 0.417 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 13.90 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 1.93 | |
F. exasperata | Acetone | 0.099 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 1.41 | 1.98 | 0.33 | 0.70 | 0.561 | 1.81 | 2.95 | 2.44 | 2.55 | 0.72 | 8.01 | 11.22 | 1.87 | 3.95 |
Cold water | 0.164 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.575 | 1.85 | 0.23 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.59 | |
M. lucida | Acetone | 0.033 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.66 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.041 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.59 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.82 | 0.23 | 0.37 |
Cold water | 0.333 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 11.10 | 0.72 | 0.13 | 1.59 | 0.580 | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 19.33 | 1.26 | 0.23 | 2.77 | |
J. gossypiifolia | Acetone | 0.023 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.22 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
Cold water | 0.144 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 1.000 | 1.61 | 0.80 | 1.61 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1.61 | 1.61 | 0.80 | 1.21 | |
O. gratissimum | Acetone | 0.117 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.78 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.180 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.58 | 0.29 | 1.20 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.48 |
Cold water | 0.134 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 1.91 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.041 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.59 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | |
A. wilkesiana | Acetone | 0.132 | 0.21 | 4.40 | 0.43 | 0.88 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 4.40 | 1.39 | 1.560 | 2.52 | 52.00 | 5.03 | 10.40 | 2.52 | 3.39 | 3.39 | 52.00 | 16.41 |
Cold water | 0.070 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.470 | 6.71 | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1.14 | |
Doxorubicin | - | 0.022 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0004 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sa, Staphylococcus aureus; Ef, Enterococcus faecalis; Se, Salmonella Enteritidis; Sg, Salmonella Gallinarum; Ec (T), Escherichia coli (ATCC); Ec (Iso), Escherichia coli (Isolate); Cc, Campylobacter coli; Cj, Campylobacter jejuni; LC50 ≤ 0.03 mg/ml is toxic (American National Cancer Institute NCI). Selectivity Index values > 1 regarded to be more toxic to bacterial cells than mammalian cells (Bold).