Figure 3.

Dorsal raphe nucleus mediates the influence of the broader, general features of the environment on animals’ time to act

(A) The DRN anatomical mask (STAR Methods).

(B–E) The effect of environment on BOLD activity across “medium offer” trials—low relative value (Experiment 1) versus higher relative value⁷ trials (LRV > HRV)—extracted from DRN (B), ACC (C), BF (D), and the fourth ventricle (E) masks. The lines and shadings show mean and standard error of the β weights across animals (n = 4), respectively. Time zero is the response time.

(F) Significance testing on time course data was performed by using a leave-one-out procedure on the group peak signal (STAR Methods). DRNˆ is the effect of environment on DRN BOLD when including the time course from the 4^th ventricle, and its interaction with the environment, as confound variables in GLM2.3. The gray columns are mean peak β weights across animals, error bars are SEM across animals, and each ring indicates peak β weight from individual animals.

(G) Significance testing on connectivity data was performed by using a leave-one-out procedure on the peak β weights from PPI analyses between DRN-ACC and between DRN-BF with the observed actTime as the moderator (Figure S2 illustrates effective connectivity analysis). In box plots, the central line indicates the median and the bottom and top edges of the box indicate the 25^th and 75^th percentiles, respectively. Whiskers extend to the most extreme data points not considered outliers. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and one-sample t tests. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.