Table 1.
Demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, in-hospital therapies, and outcomes among FV&B, FV, and UV individuals.
| Vaccination Status |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables‡ | All | FV&B | FV | UV | p value |
| N | 7728 | 448 (5.80%) | 2257 (29.21%) | 5023 (65.00%) | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 61.87 (17.64) | 70.90 (14.40)*,‡‡ | 68.53 (15.78)*,§ | 58.07 (17.52)§,‡‡ | <0.001¶ |
| Median (IQRs) | 63.00 (50.00, 75.00) | 73.00 (62.00, 82.00) | 70.00 (59.00, 80.00) | 59.00 (45.00, 71.00) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 3933 (50.89%) | 229 (51.12%) | 1100 (48.74%)§ | 2604 (51.84%)§ | 0.049† |
| Male | 3795 (49.11%) | 219 (48.88%) | 1157 (51.26%) | 2419 (48.16%) | |
| Race (n = 7713/448/2255/5010) | |||||
| Black or African American | 1921 (24.91%) | 84 (18.75%)‡‡ | 464 (20.58%)§ | 1373 (27.41%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| White or Caucasian | 5335 (69.17%) | 337 (75.22%) | 1667 (73.92%) | 3331 (66.49%) | |
| Other | 457 (5.93%) | 27 (6.03%) | 124 (5.50%) | 306 (6.11%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (n = 7509/438/2184/4887) | |||||
| Mean | 31.17 (8.67) | 29.27 (7.37)*,‡‡ | 30.63 (8.31)*,§ | 31.58 (8.90)§,‡‡ | <0.001¶ |
| Median | 29.63 (25.28, 35.44) | 28.25 (24.17, 34.01) | 29.22 (24.90, 34.70) | 29.95 (25.69, 35.94) | |
| Pre-existing comorbidities | |||||
| ESRD | 315 (4.08%) | 61 (13.62%)*,‡‡ | 140 (6.20%)*,§ | 114 (2.27%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Immunocompromised | 1105 (14.30%) | 132 (29.46%)*,‡‡ | 404 (17.90%)*,§ | 569 (11.33%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Elixhauser weighted score | |||||
| Mean | 10.54 (12.18) | 13.53 (12.96)*,‡‡ | 11.90 (12.86)*,§ | 9.66 (11.69)§,‡‡ | <0.001¶ |
| Median | 10.00 (1.00, 18.00) | 12.00 (3.00, 22.00) | 10.00 (2.00, 20.00) | 9.00 (0.00, 17.00) | |
| In-hospital therapies | |||||
| O2 therapy | 5529 (71.55%) | 269 (60.04%)‡‡ | 1463 (64.82%)§ | 3797 (75.59%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Nasal cannula/non-rebreather | 3080 (39.86%) | 180 (40.18%) | 917 (40.63%) | 1983 (39.48%) | 0.644† |
| High flow O2 | 1138 (14.73%) | 30 (6.70%)‡‡ | 202 (8.95%)§ | 906 (18.04%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 633 (8.19%) | 37 (8.26%) | 198 (8.77%) | 398 (7.92%) | 0.473† |
| Mechanical ventilation | 678 (8.77%) | 22 (4.91%)‡‡ | 146 (6.47%)§ | 510 (10.15%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Vasopressor | 694 (8.98%) | 33 (7.37%) | 168 (7.44%)§ | 493 (9.81%)§ | 0.002† |
| ICU-level care | 1084 (14.03%) | 56 (12.50%) | 271 (12.01%)§ | 757 (15.07%)§ | 0.001† |
| Length of stay, hours | |||||
| Mean | 184.13 (183.16) | 164.31 (169.23)‡‡ | 171.15 (158.81)§ | 191.73 (193.83)§,‡‡ | <0.001¶ |
| Median | 128.00 (72.00, 234.00) | 113.50 (62.00, 207.50) | 126.00 (71.00, 213.00) | 134.00 (74.00, 241.50) | |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Death | 908 (11.75%) | 32 (7.14%)*,‡‡ | 232 (10.28%)*,§ | 644 (12.82%)§,‡‡ | <0.001† |
| Discharge disposition location (n = 6820/416/2025/4379) | |||||
| Home | 5846 (85.72%) | 319 (76.68%) | 1620 (80.00%) | 3907 (89.22%) | |
| Rehab | 100 (1.47%) | 13 (3.12%) | 36 (1.78%) | 51 (1.16%) | |
| SNF | 786 (11.52%) | 72 (17.31%) | 342 (16.89%) | 372 (8.50%) | |
| Hospice | 50 (0.73%) | 11 (2.64%) | 17 (0.84%) | 22 (0.50%) | |
| Other | 38 (0.55%) | 1 (0.24%) | 10 (0.49%) | 27 (0.62%) | |
Abbreviations: FV&B=fully vaccinated and boosted; FV=fully vaccinated; UV=unvaccinated; BMI=body mass index; ESRD=end-stage renal disease; ICU=intensive care unit; Rehab=rehabilitation; SNF=skilled nursing facility.
‡For continuous variables, medians (interquartile ranges, IQRs) and means (standard deviation, SD) were presented. For categorical variables, frequencies (percentage) were presented.
¶Kruskal-Wallis test.
†Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test.
*p < 0.05 between FV&B and FV¶¶.
§p < 0.05 between FV and UV¶¶.
‡‡p < 0.05 between FV&B and UV¶¶.
¶¶In multiple comparisons test, post hoc Holm-Bonferroni procedure and the Tukey-Kramer method was used for categorical and numerical variables, respectively. P-values are available in Supplementary Table 1.