Table 2.
Risk factors to develop BI in patients with acute bronchiolitis
| Risk factor | No BI (n = 500) |
CA-BI (n = 118) |
HAI (n = 57) |
P1 | P2 | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gendera | 303 (60.6) | 64 (54.2) | 32 (56.1) | 0.206 | 0.813 | 0.515 |
| Age in daysb | 57 (27–109) | 42 (25–92) | 46 (24–74) | 0.728 | 0.721 | 0.475 |
| < 3 months of agea | 355 (71) | 87 (73.7) | 45 (78.9) | 0.555 | 0.452 | 0.206 |
| Previous comorbiditiesa | 165 (33) | 32 (27.1) | 25 (43.9) | 0.218 | 0.027 | 0.101 |
| Comorbidity’s typesa | ||||||
| Prematurity | 119 (23.8) | 23 (19.5) | 17 (29.8) | 0.317 | 0.127 | 0.316 |
| Respiratory | 18 (3.6) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0.119 | 0.547 | 0.709 |
| Cardiologic | 37 (7.4) | 8 (6.8) | 7 (12.3) | 0.816 | 0.223 | 0.196 |
| Neurological | 10 (2.0) | 4 (3.4) | 2 (3.5) | 0.361 | 1.000 | 0.352 |
| Others | 24 (4.8) | 6 (5.1) | 6 (10.5) | 0.897 | 0.182 | 0.070 |
| BROSJOD# | 9 (7–11) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (7.3–11) | < 0.001 | 0.184 | 0.296 |
| BROSJOD > 12a | 36 (7.5) | 20 (19.8) | 5 (10.4) | < 0.001 | 0.152 | 0.480 |
| PRISM scaleb | 3 (0–6) | 3 (0–6) | 3 (0–6) | < 0.001 | 0.513 | < 0.001 |
| Viral etiologya | ||||||
| RSV | 336 (67.2) | 80 (67.8) | 29 (50.9) | 0.901 | 0.030 | 0.014 |
| Rhino/Enterovirus | 121 (24.2) | 27 (22.9) | 14 (24.6) | 0.763 | 0.806 | 0.952 |
| Metapneumovirus | 21 (4.2) | 5 (4.2) | 1 (1.8) | 0.986 | 0.665 | 0.716 |
| Influenza | 26 (5.2) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (5.3) | 0.219 | 0.393 | 1.000 |
| Viral co-infectiona | 119 (23.8) | 23 (19.5) | 8 (14) | 0.317 | 0.376 | 0.096 |
| Bacterial co-infectiona | - | 13 (11) | 4 (7) | - | 0.587 | - |
| Received treatmenta | ||||||
| Nebulized treatment | 411 (82.2) | 94 (79.7) | 43 (75.4) | 0.521 | 0.525 | 0.213 |
| Endotracheal mucolytics | 40 (8) | 25 (21.2) | 17 (29.8) | < 0.001 | 0.210 | < 0.001 |
| Central linea | 110 (22) | 67 (56.8) | 34 (59.6) | < 0.001 | 0.719 | < 0.001 |
| Central line, daysb | 9 (7–12.5) | 8 (6.3–11) | 11.8 (7.3–19) | 0.453 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Urinary cathetera | 134 (26.8) | 65 (55.1) | 39 (68.4) | < 0.001 | 0.092 | < 0.001 |
| Urinary catheter, daysb | 8.5 (6.3–10.9) | 7.8 (6–10.5) | 11 (7.1–16.5) | 0.976 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Comparisons made: P1: no BI vs. CA-BI; P2: CA-BI vs. HAI; P3: no BI vs. HAI
BI invasive bacterial infection, CA-BI community-acquired invasive bacterial infection, HAI hospital-acquired infection, PRISM Pediatric Risk Score of Mortality III scale, CMV conventional mechanical ventilation
aCategorical variable, expressed as frequency (%), and compared using Chi-square test
bContinuous variable, expressed as median (interquartile range), and compared using the Mann–Whitney test.