Table 4.

Included studies on treatment for increasing mineral content

Study Country	Study Design	Tooth	Severity of MIH	Follow-up (months)	Age of Participants	No. of participants (drop outs)	No. of teeth	Primary outcome measure	Intervention	Success
Baroni & Marchionni (2011) Italy	Prospective cohort	M	Severe	36	Range 6–9	30 (0)	30	In vivo replicas, in vitro biopsy with SEM and ESEM-EDX analysis	10% CPP-ACP creme in disposable trays, 20 min every evening	Improvement in mineralisation, morphology and porosities in enamel. Reduction in carbon and significant increase in calcium and phosphate
Restrepo et al. (2016) Brazil	Randomised trial	I	Mild & Severe	1	Mean 10.25 SD ± 1.14 Range 9–12	51 (0)	51	Quantitative light fluorescence imaging	G1: control G2: 4 × applications 4% NaF varnish	No difference in fluorescence between groups
Bakkal et al. (2017) Turkey	Prospective cohort	M&I (155 M/140I)	Mild	1	Mean 9.9 SD ± 1.6 Range 7–12	38 (0)	285	Laser fluorescence	G1: 10% CPP-ACP creme G2: 10% CPP-ACP containing 900 ppm fluoride	Both groups had a reduction in LF readings but no difference between the groups
Biondi et al. (2017) Argentina	Prospective cohort	M&I (teeth NR)	Mild & Severe	1.5	Range 6–17	55 (0)	92	Laser fluoresence	G1: 5% NaF varnish G2: 10% CPP-ACP creme G3: 5% NaF varnish containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP)	Reduction in LF scores for all three groups in mild lesions only. NaF better at remineralising severe lesions and NaF with TCP bettter at remineralising mild

KEY: M – molar, I – incisor, NR – not reported, G-group, LF—laser fluorescence, QLF—quantitative light fluorescence, SEM—scanning electron microscopy, ESEM-EDEX -environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, CPP-ACP – casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate