TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| G1 (n = 35) | G0 (n = 17) | HC (n = 28) | F, t or χ2 value | Post hoc t-tests or p values | |
| Age (years) | 30.86 ± 6.84 | 30.29 ± 8.05 | 30.14 ± 5.00 | 0.102 | 0.903a |
| Gender (male/female) | 13/22 | 6/11 | 14/14 | 1.377 | 0.502b |
| Education (years) | 14.51 ± 3.28 | 12.94 ± 3.46 | 14.61 ± 2.69 | 1.797 | 0.173a |
| Illness duration (months) | 6.23 ± 4.63 | 6.94 ± 3.98 | 0.544 | 0.589c | |
| HRSD-17 scores | 22.69 ± 3.41 | 20.18 ± 2.67 | 0.89 ± 0.88 | 585.979 | G1 > G0 > HC |
| Anxiety/somatization | 7.31 ± 1.92 | 6.41 ± 1.66 | 0.39 ± 0.57 | 174.531 | G1 > G0 > HC |
| Weight loss | 0.80 ± 0.83 | 0.06 ± 0.24 | 0 | 18.741 | G1 > G0, HC |
| Cognitive disturbances | 3.71 ± 1.78 | 3.41 ± 1.50 | 0 | 64.213 | G1, G0 > HC |
| Retardation symptoms | 6.40 ± 1.42 | 6.76 ± 1.56 | 0.18 ± 0.39 | 253.030 | G1, G0 > HC |
| Sleep disturbances | 4.46 ± 1.42 | 3.53 ± 1.28 | 0.32 ± 0.55 | 103.570 | G1 > G0 > HC |
G1, MDD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms; G0, MDD patients without gastrointestinal symptoms; HC, healthy controls; HRSD-17, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.
aThe p value was obtained by analyses of variance.
bThe p value was obtained by a chi-square test.
cThe p value was obtained by two-sample t tests.