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. 2022 Mar 16;12:4512. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08442-3

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phenylbutyrate (PBA) treatment of corneal epithelial cells and bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and the butyrate transporter SLC5A8 is required for this effect. (A) Corneal epithelial cells and (B) bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were cultured from wild-type (WT) and Slc5a8 knockout (KO) mice, pretreated with either phenylbutyrate (PBA) or media control for 1 h, then left untreated (Untrt) or challenged with LPS. Each data point is a well with 1 tissue explant, and each condition was in duplicate or triplicate wells within each experiment. Shown is the combined qPCR data from the experiments after each dataset was normalized to the LPS-only treated condition. Mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments; each experiment used 2–3 wells per condition. Statistical comparisons were made with two-way ANOVA using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. P value greater than 0.05 was considered non-significant (ns). *P ≤ 0.5, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001.