Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 16;13:1395. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29109-7

Fig. 1. Morphological and ultrastructural defects in spermatozoa from two infertile siblings.

Fig. 1

Abnormalities in sperm morphology observed in the two siblings by light microscopy (a) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (b) (scale bars, 5 µm). c The aberrations in sperm ultrastructure detected in the two affected individuals. The missing or incomplete PC, DC and Sc were found in the connecting piece, and the disorganized arrangements or absence of CPs, MTDs, and ODFs were observed in the patients’ sperm flagella. Dotted box denotes DC. PC proximal centriole, DC distal centriole, Sc segmented column, Bp basal plate, CP central-pair microtubules, ODF outer dense fibers, MTD peripheral microtubule doublets, M mitochondria, IV-3 the proband, IV-2 the affected sibling (scale bars, 100 nm).