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. 2022 Mar 16;12:4502. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08168-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Daily oral spermidine treatment enhanced endogenous spermidine levels in male NOD mice. (a) Spermidine and (b) putrescine levels were analyzed in pancreas, pLN, spleen, thymus, heart, plasma and whole blood after 4 weeks of 10 mM spermidine treatment. Black triangles show ctrl mice (n = 8) and red circles show spd mice (n = 10). Data is shown as nmol/g and mean ± SD. Mann–Whitney U test or unpaired Student’s t-test was used as statistical analysis. p* < 0.05, p** < 0.01, p*** < 0.001, p**** < 0.0001.