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. 2022 Mar 16;13(3):245. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04671-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A DAPI staining shows cellular infiltration of SN. B, C Representative IF images of TUNEL and PI staining of SN shows that EPO treatment (5000 IU/kg/IP, immediately after surgery and on post-surgery day 1 and 2) significantly attenuates apoptosis as compared to saline treatment (normal saline, 0.1 ml/IP/mouse) and the result of the percentage of in situ apoptosis (TUNEL and PI⁺/DAPI) are mentioned in the bar graph (D, E). SN of Sham animals shows zero percentage of apoptosis. Each image represents six images from four different SN, a total of 24 images/group. Scale bar, 20 μm; magnification, 40x. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data were expressed as means ± SEM, ***P < 0.0002 vs. sham, #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.0021 vs. Saline, n = 4/group.