. 2022 Mar 3;11:1–26. doi: 10.1007/s40204-022-00182-x

Table 8.

The effects of alloys on the characterisation of Mg

Alloys	Mechanical properties	Biocompatibility	Potential biomedical application	References
Mg–Ca alloys	Increase the strength and the elongation rate; excessive Ca deteriorates the corrosion resistance; Ca concentration should be less than 1%(by wt)	Essential element of the human body; promote bone healing process	Orthopaedic application; screw	Jung et al. (2012)
Mg–Zn alloys	Enhance the tensile strength; solid solution strengthening and ageing strengthening; the elongation decreased when Zn concentration was over 5% (by wt)	Important trace elements in human body and a co-factor for optional enzymes in bone and cartilage	Orthopaedic application; suture materials; intestinal tract and bile repairing	Bairagi and Mandal (2021)
Mg–Sr alloys	The strength and corrosion resistance improved when Sr concentration below 2% (by wt); excessive Sr decreased mechanical properties	Promotes osteoblast maturation; good for the bone formation	Orthopaedic application; skeletal applications	Atkins et al. (2008)
Mg–Si alloys	Mg–Si alloy showed a low ductility due to the presence of coarse Mg₂Si; the addition of 1.6% Zn, tensile strength, elongation and bio-corrosion resistance improve significantly	Helps to build the immune system; good for the growth and development of bone and connective tissue	Orthopaedic application; promote the bone healing	Gil-Santos et al. (2017)
Mg–Al alloys	Significantly improve ultimate yield strength and ductility at a concentration below 6%	Nerve toxicity and elevated concentration of Al³⁺ in the brain are related to Alzheimer’s disease	Orthopaedic application; screw	Bakhsheshi-Rad et al. (2015)
Mg–Y alloys Mg–YREZr	Significantly enhances tensile strength and tensile yield strength with increasing addition of Y; improves elongation with the Y concentration below 3%	Good biocompatibility; promote the bone healing process	Stent and screw	Duan et al. (2012)
Mg–Nd alloys	Improves the tensile strength and creep resistance due to the formation of the intermetallics of Mg₁₂Nd; Nd content less than 6%	Good biocompatibility; promoting the bone healing	Stent and screw	Boukhobza et al. 2017)