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. 2022 Mar 16;12:4516. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08058-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the subjects in the nested case–control (NCC) study for islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the NCC study, the “cases” were those subjects that had developed any IA (n = 389) or T1D (n = 118) and “controls” were randomly selected from those autoantibody-negative or non-T1D children in the index case’s risk set, matched for sex, clinical site and first-degree relative (FDR) status. Telomere length estimation was performed using five different tools. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using the T1DExomeChip array. A total of 835 SNPs associated with telomere length were available on the T1DExomeChip and 236 of those had a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05. SNP analysis was performed on 8093 TEDDY children.