Table 3.
Median monthly income lost to the private sector attributable to childhood stunting, by country and region, calibration estimates N=128.
| Economy | Monthly income lost per stunted worker |
Total lost in monthly income for private sector population |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share of income lost I (%) | Share of income lost II (%) | Income lost I US$ | Income lost II, US$ | Total income lost I, US$ (millions) | Total income lost II, US$ (millions) | |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 15.30 | 20.95 | 50.93 | 69.47 | 3021.76 | 5050.91 |
| Bolivia | 15·48 | 21·79 | 48·23 | 67·90 | 105·69 | 148·79 |
| Colombia | 15·48 | 21·79 | 41·61 | 58·58 | 520·11 | 732·18 |
| Ecuador | 15·48 | 21·79 | 44·40 | 62·51 | 89·84 | 126·48 |
| Mexico | 15·48 | 21·79 | 42·57 | 59·92 | 520·58 | 732·84 |
| Peru | 7·38 | 18·77 | 23·15 | 58·85 | 142·82 | 363·09 |
| Dominican Republic | 15·48 | 20·01 | 55·10 | 71·20 | 29·95 | 38·71 |
| Haiti | 15·48 | 20·01 | 16·78 | 21·68 | 25·07 | 32·40 |
| Jamaica | 15·48 | 20·01 | 36·95 | 47·75 | 4·61 | 5·96 |
| St· Lucia | 15·48 | 20·01 | 62·05 | 80·18 | 1·31 | 1·70 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 15·48 | 20·01 | 85·63 | 110·66 | 2·45 | 3·17 |
| Belize | 15·48 | 20·68 | 23·92 | 31·96 | 0·80 | 1·07 |
| Costa Rica | 15·48 | 20·68 | 69·25 | 92·53 | 10·64 | 14·21 |
| El Salvador | 15·48 | 20·68 | 42·67 | 57·01 | 36·22 | 48·39 |
| Guatemala | 15·48 | 20·68 | 29·54 | 39·46 | 108·47 | 144·93 |
| Honduras | 15·48 | 20·68 | 26·64 | 35·59 | 43·60 | 58·25 |
| Nicaragua | 15·48 | 20·68 | 34·74 | 46·41 | 27·53 | 36·79 |
| Panama | 15·48 | 20·68 | 82·30 | 109·96 | 21·26 | 28·41 |
| Argentina | 15·48 | 18·84 | 64·89 | 78·95 | 46·11 | 56·10 |
| Chile | 15·48 | 18·84 | 82·95 | 100·92 | 25·94 | 31·56 |
| Uruguay | 15·48 | 18·84 | 95·87 | 116·63 | 27·72 | 33·72 |
| Brazil | 19·20 | 38·02 | 74·48 | 147·46 | 1197·22 | 2370·38 |
| Guyana | 15·48 | 19·14 | 43·87 | 54·25 | 1·22 | 1·50 |
| Paraguay | 15·48 | 19·14 | 57·23 | 70·76 | 31·86 | 39·39 |
| Suriname | 15·48 | 19·14 | 37·41 | 46·26 | 0·73 | 0·91 |
| South Asia | 14.07 | 20.81 | 29.68 | 43.25 | 2348.08 | 4624.70 |
| Bangladesh | 22·09 | 22.09 | 17.59 | 25.09 | 202.00 | 288.19 |
| Bhutan | 22·09 | 22.09 | 37.54 | 53.56 | 6.19 | 8.83 |
| India | 5·58 | 13.18 | 6.82 | 16.10 | 1362.89 | 3219.09 |
| Maldives | 22·09 | 22.09 | 76.58 | 109.26 | 3.14 | 4.48 |
| Nepal | 22·09 | 22.09 | 20.03 | 28.58 | 87.24 | 124.47 |
| Pakistan | 22·09 | 22.09 | 17.93 | 25.58 | 620.01 | 884.59 |
| Sri Lanka | 22·09 | 22.09 | 31.24 | 44.57 | 66.62 | 95.05 |
| East Asia and the Pacific | 14.32 | 20.30 | 31.63 | 44.16 | 16,522.46 | 21,504.88 |
| China | 15·48 | 19·60 | 52·73 | 66·77 | 12,896·67 | 16,331·11 |
| Fiji | 15·48 | 22·44 | 37·52 | 54·38 | 0·58 | 0·85 |
| Indonesia | 15·48 | 19·60 | 24·71 | 31·29 | 1614·18 | 2044·05 |
| Kiribati | 15·48 | 22·44 | 20·74 | 30·06 | 0·12 | 0·17 |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | 15·48 | 19·60 | 18·36 | 23·25 | 37·32 | 47·26 |
| Malaysia | 15·48 | 19·60 | 114·66 | 145·20 | 374·56 | 474·31 |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 15·48 | 22·44 | 18·39 | 26·66 | – | – |
| Mongolia | 15·48 | 19·60 | 39·34 | 49·81 | 5·15 | 6·52 |
| Myanmar | 15·48 | 19·60 | 26·72 | 33·84 | 358·09 | 453·45 |
| Nauru | 15·48 | 22·44 | 35·93 | 52·08 | 0·01 | 0·02 |
| Papua New Guinea | 15·48 | 22·44 | 14·80 | 21·45 | 17·29 | 25·06 |
| Philippines | 10·45 | 22·09 | 15·83 | 33·45 | 319·26 | 674·75 |
| Samoa | 15·48 | 22·44 | 36·68 | 53·17 | 0·08 | 0·11 |
| Solomon Islands | 15·48 | 22·44 | 13·82 | 20·04 | 1·57 | 2·27 |
| Thailand | 15·48 | 19·60 | 57·36 | 72·64 | 467·80 | 592·38 |
| Timor-Leste | 15·48 | 19·60 | 12·74 | 16·13 | 3·87 | 4·90 |
| Tonga | 15·48 | 22·44 | 38·51 | 55·82 | 0·03 | 0·04 |
| Tuvalu | 15·48 | 22·44 | 35·34 | 51·22 | 0·02 | 0·03 |
| Vanuatu | 15·48 | 22·44 | 17·33 | 25·11 | 0·33 | 0·48 |
| Vietnam | 11·55 | 23·00 | 32·70 | 65·09 | 425·54 | 847·13 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 15.48 | 20.10 | 51.97 | 67.48 | 898.91 | 1167.24 |
| Albania | 15·48 | 20·10 | 35·64 | 46·28 | 7·87 | 10·22 |
| Armenia | 15·48 | 20·10 | 27·65 | 35·90 | 3·36 | 4·36 |
| Azerbaijan | 15·48 | 20·10 | 82·21 | 106·75 | 22·63 | 29·39 |
| Belarus | 15·48 | 20·10 | 89·63 | 116·38 | 9·79 | 12·71 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15·48 | 20·10 | 94·68 | 122·95 | 6·11 | 7·94 |
| Georgia | 15·48 | 20·10 | 29·25 | 37·98 | 5·29 | 6·87 |
| Kazakhstan | 15·48 | 20·10 | 51·98 | 67·50 | 42·00 | 54·54 |
| Kosovo | 15·48 | 20·10 | 37·41 | 48·57 | – | – |
| Kyrgyz Republic | 15·48 | 20·10 | 25·14 | 32·65 | 17·21 | 22·35 |
| Moldova | 15·48 | 20·10 | 42·48 | 55·16 | 2·58 | 3·35 |
| Montenegro | 15·48 | 20·10 | 66·45 | 86·28 | – | – |
| North Macedonia | 15·48 | 20·10 | 53·00 | 68·82 | 2·04 | 2·65 |
| Romania | 15·48 | 20·10 | 78·11 | 101·43 | 63·76 | 82·79 |
| Serbia | 15·48 | 20·10 | 59·33 | 77·04 | 10·44 | 13·56 |
| Tajikistan | 15·48 | 20·10 | 30·82 | 40·02 | 18·47 | 23·98 |
| Turkey | 15·48 | 20·10 | 67·31 | 87·40 | 382·39 | 496·53 |
| Turkmenistan | 15·48 | 20·10 | 36·19 | 46·99 | – | – |
| Ukraine | 15·48 | 20·10 | 62·45 | 81·09 | 227·85 | 295·86 |
| Uzbekistan | 15·48 | 20·10 | 17·63 | 22·89 | 77·12 | 100·15 |
| Middle East and North Africa | 15.48 | 20.03 | 35.22 | 45.57 | 705.17 | 912.28 |
| Algeria | 15.48 | 20.03 | 37.71 | 48.79 | 107.44 | 138.99 |
| Djibouti | 15.48 | 20.03 | 19.96 | 25.82 | – | – |
| Egypt, Arab Republic of | 15.48 | 20.03 | 18.91 | 24.46 | 134.99 | 174.63 |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 15.48 | 20.03 | 49.25 | 63.72 | 245.88 | 318.09 |
| Iraq | 15.48 | 20.03 | 26.44 | 34.21 | 34.27 | 44.33 |
| Jordan | 15.48 | 20.03 | 42.15 | 54.53 | 14.65 | 18.95 |
| Lebanon | 15.48 | 20.03 | 83.33 | 107.80 | 19.58 | 25.33 |
| Morocco | 15.48 | 20.03 | 38.90 | 50.32 | 111.87 | 144.72 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 15.48 | 20.03 | 11.23 | 14.53 | – | – |
| Tunisia | 15.48 | 20.03 | 44.40 | 57.44 | 22.23 | 28.76 |
| West Bank and Gaza | 15.48 | 20.03 | 41.99 | 54.32 | – | – |
| Yemen, Republic of | 15.48 | 20.03 | 8.38 | 10.84 | 14.28 | 18.48 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 15.12 | 23.36 | 15.4 | 23.6 | 1258.07 | 2099.44 |
| Angola | 15.48 | 23.82 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 23·95 | 36·85 |
| Benin | 15.48 | 23.48 | 10.1 | 15.3 | 11·25 | 17·06 |
| Botswana | 15.48 | 22.83 | 21.5 | 31.6 | 4·39 | 6·47 |
| Burkina Faso | 15.48 | 23.48 | 11.0 | 16.7 | 17·02 | 25·80 |
| Burundi | 15.48 | 24.56 | 5.2 | 8.3 | 10·47 | 16·60 |
| Cabo Verde | 15.48 | 23.48 | 34.8 | 52.7 | 1·22 | 1·85 |
| Cameroon | 15.48 | 23.48 | 17.4 | 26.4 | 43·42 | 65·85 |
| Central African Republic | 15.48 | 23.48 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 3·89 | 5·91 |
| Chad | 15.48 | 23.48 | 10.7 | 16.2 | 19·76 | 29·96 |
| Comoros | 15.48 | 24.56 | 18.5 | 29.3 | 1·00 | 1·58 |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | 15.48 | 23.82 | 5.9 | 9.1 | 75·71 | 116·49 |
| Congo, Republic of | 15.48 | 23.82 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 0·99 | 1·53 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 15.48 | 23.48 | 15.0 | 22.8 | 33·12 | 50·22 |
| Eswatini | 15.48 | 22.83 | 14.6 | 21.6 | 1·23 | 1·81 |
| Ethiopia | 9.87 | 21.88 | 9.2 | 20.5 | 214·26 | 474·81 |
| Gabon | 15.48 | 23.48 | 35.7 | 54.2 | 7·59 | 11·51 |
| Gambia, The | 15.48 | 23.48 | 19.3 | 29.3 | 2·52 | 3·81 |
| Ghana | 15.48 | 23.48 | 25.7 | 39.0 | 93·35 | 141·57 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 15.48 | 23.48 | 7.1 | 10.8 | 0·93 | 1·41 |
| Guinea | 15.48 | 23.48 | 13.9 | 21.1 | 23·80 | 36·10 |
| Kenya | 15.48 | 24.56 | 12.5 | 19.8 | 89·78 | 142·41 |
| Lesotho | 15.48 | 22.83 | 14.7 | 21.7 | 2·55 | 3·76 |
| Liberia | 15.48 | 23.48 | 9.2 | 13.9 | 6·88 | 10·44 |
| Madagascar | 15.48 | 24.56 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 30·92 | 49·05 |
| Malawi | 15.48 | 24.56 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 21·00 | 33·31 |
| Mali | 15.48 | 23.48 | 9.9 | 15.1 | 22·84 | 34·63 |
| Mauritania | 15.48 | 23.48 | 23.6 | 35.7 | 8·64 | 13·10 |
| Mauritius | 15.48 | 22.96 | 52.8 | 78.3 | 3·24 | 4·80 |
| Mozambique | 15.48 | 24.56 | 7.1 | 11.2 | 32·41 | 51·41 |
| Namibia | 15.48 | 22.83 | 23.4 | 34.5 | 5·04 | 7·43 |
| Niger | 15.48 | 23.48 | 10.3 | 15.7 | 28·49 | 43·21 |
| Nigeria | 15.48 | 23.48 | 10.6 | 16.1 | 177·10 | 268·58 |
| Rwanda | 15.48 | 24.56 | 9.1 | 14.4 | 8·03 | 12·74 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 15.48 | 24.56 | 11.7 | 18.5 | 0·28 | 0·45 |
| Senegal | 15.48 | 23.48 | 13.6 | 20.6 | 14·65 | 22·22 |
| Seychelles | 15.48 | 22.96 | 87.3 | 129.4 | 0·19 | 0·28 |
| Sierra Leone | 15.48 | 23.48 | 10.2 | 15.5 | 6·47 | 9·81 |
| Somalia | 15.48 | 23.48 | 6.8 | 10.4 | – | – |
| South Africa | 15.48 | 22.83 | 20.4 | 30.0 | 80·17 | 118·24 |
| South Sudan | 15.48 | 24.56 | 7·81 | 7·81 | – | – |
| Sudan | 15.48 | 24.56 | 25·29 | 25·29 | 35·90 | 56·95 |
| Tanzania | 4.28 | 10.49 | 2·6 | 6·3 | 25·97 | 63·70 |
| Togo | 15.48 | 23.48 | 14·76 | 14·76 | 5·38 | 8·16 |
| Uganda | 15.48 | 24.56 | 17·40 | 17·40 | 42·52 | 67·44 |
| Zambia | 15.48 | 24.56 | 11·25 | 11·25 | 8·35 | 13·25 |
| Zimbabwe | 15.48 | 22.83 | 23·31 | 23·31 | 11·44 | 16·87 |
Share of income lost I and Total income lost per month I based on main assumptions with smaller effect size and parameters obtained from one source: Galasso and Wagstaff (2019) (see data sources for details); US$ is 2019 United States dollars.